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Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main organs of the digestive tract?

A
  • Mouth (teeth, tongue, salivary glands)
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
  • Large Intestine (colon, rectum)
  • Anus

None

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
  • Appendix

None

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3
Q

What is the function of the mouth in digestion?

A

Starts mechanical (chewing) & chemical (amylase) digestion.

None

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4
Q

What is the role of the esophagus in digestion?

A

Moves food to stomach via peristalsis.

None

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5
Q

What does the stomach do during digestion?

A

Breaks food into chyme using acid and enzymes (pepsin).

None

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6
Q

Where is the main site of nutrient absorption?

A

Small Intestine.

Absorption occurs via villi.

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7
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs water, minerals, vitamins; forms feces.

None

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8
Q

What is the role of the rectum and anus?

A

Stores and eliminates waste.

None

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9
Q

What do salivary glands produce?

A

Saliva with amylase.

Amylase starts the breakdown of carbohydrates.

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10
Q

What is the function of the liver in digestion?

A

Produces bile (emulsifies fats).

Bile aids in the digestion of fats.

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11
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores and releases bile.

None

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12
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

*Exocrine Function: Produces enzymes (lipase, amylase, proteases)
* Endocrine Function: Regulates blood sugar

Proteases include trypsin.

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13
Q

What role does the appendix play?

A

May support gut bacteria (immune role).

None

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14
Q

Which organs are involved in ingestion?

A
  • Mouth
  • Tongue
  • Salivary glands

None

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15
Q

Which organs are involved in digestion?

A
  • Mouth
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder

None

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16
Q

Which organs are involved in absorption?

A
  • Small intestine (jejunum, ileum)
  • Large intestine

None

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17
Q

Which organs are involved in egestion?

A
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
  • Anus

None

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18
Q

What is mechanical digestion (Examples)?

A
  • Chewing (mouth)
  • Churning (stomach)
  • Peristalsis (esophagus, intestines)

None

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19
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A
  • Salivary amylase (mouth)
  • Pepsin (stomach)
  • Enzymes from pancreas, stomach, intestines
  • Bile (emulsifies fats)

Chemical digestion breaks down nutrients at a molecular level.

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20
Q

What is the purpose of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

A

Increase surface area for maximum absorption.

None

21
Q

How do teeth contribute to digestion?

A

Shape helps grind/tear food → prepares for enzyme action.

None

22
Q

What is the function of stomach folds (rugae)?

A

Allow expansion + muscular walls for churning food.

None

23
Q

What is the role of sphincters in the digestive system?

A

Control flow (prevent backflow of acid or food).

None

24
Q

What type of muscle is found in the esophagus?

A

Smooth muscle for peristalsis.

This muscle type moves food efficiently.

25
What is the purpose of ingestion?
Brings food into the body. ## Footnote None
26
What does mechanical digestion do?
Physically breaks food into smaller pieces (↑ surface area). ## Footnote None
27
What is the role of chemical digestion?
Uses enzymes to break food into nutrient molecules. ## Footnote None
28
What is absorption's main function?
Transfers nutrients into the bloodstream or lymph. ## Footnote None
29
What does egestion do?
Eliminates undigested waste. ## Footnote None
30
What enzyme breaks down starch into simple sugars?
Amylase. ## Footnote Amylase is produced by salivary glands.
31
What does protease (pepsin) do?
Breaks proteins → peptides. ## Footnote Pepsin is active in the stomach.
32
What is the function of peptidase?
Breaks peptides → amino acids. ## Footnote None
33
What does lipase do?
Breaks down fats → fatty acids + glycerol. ## Footnote None
34
Which enzymes are produced by the salivary glands?
Amylase. ## Footnote None
35
Which enzyme is produced by the stomach?
Pepsin (by chief cells). ## Footnote None
36
What enzymes does the pancreas produce?
* Amylase * Lipase * Proteases (e.g., trypsin) * Peptidases ## Footnote None
37
What enzymes are produced by the small intestine?
Peptidases, other brush-border enzymes. ## Footnote None
38
Where does salivary amylase make contact with food?
Mouth. ## Footnote None
39
Where does pepsin make contact with food?
Stomach. ## Footnote None
40
Where does pancreatic amylase make contact with food?
Small intestine (duodenum). ## Footnote None
41
Where does pancreatic lipase make contact with food?
Small intestine (duodenum), with bile. ## Footnote None
42
Where do peptidases make contact with food?
Small intestine (villi/microvilli brush border). ## Footnote None
43
What are Capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels that transfer absorbed sugars, amino acids & water to the blood stream which is then carried to body cells
44
What are Lymphatic Vessels?
Transports absorbed fatty acids to the blood stream where then carried to body cells.
45
What is the function of Chief Cells?
Produces pepsin which begins digestion of proteins into peptides. Pepsin works better in an acidic environment (stomach).
46
What are Parietal Cells?
Produces hydrochloric acid which increases efficiency of pepsin.
47
What are Goblet Cells?
There found in the small intestine and secretes mucus to allow smooth passage of food.
48
What are Epithelial Tissue?
Lined up in the digestive tract and contains goblet cells.

Biology (7 decks)

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