digestive system

Question 1

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

To digest food and absorb nutrients

Question 2

What is the first stage of digestion?

Answer 2

Ingestion

Question 3

What occurs during mechanical digestion?

Answer 3

Food is broken down into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

Question 4

What is the process of chemical digestion?

Answer 4

Large, insoluble molecules are broken down into small, soluble molecules

Question 5

What is absorption in the context of the digestive system?

Answer 5

Small food molecules and ions move through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 6

What is egestion?

Answer 6

Food that has not been digested or absorbed passes out of the body as faeces

Question 7

What happens to nutrients after they are absorbed into the blood?

Answer 7

They can be assimilated into the body by being taken up by the cells

Question 8

Where does ingestion occur in the digestive system?

Answer 8

Mouth

Question 9

What role do salivary glands play in digestion?

Answer 9

Saliva is secreted into the mouth, lubricating food and beginning starch digestion

Question 10

What enzyme in saliva begins starch digestion?

Answer 10

Amylase

Question 11

What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 11

It connects the mouth to the stomach and uses peristalsis to move food downwards

Question 12

What happens in the stomach during digestion?

Answer 12

Mechanical digestion occurs through churning, and protease enzymes begin protein digestion

Question 13

What role does hydrochloric acid play in the stomach?

Answer 13

It provides a suitable pH for enzymes and destroys pathogens in food

Question 14

What is produced in the liver that aids in digestion?

Answer 14

Bile

Question 15

What is the function of bile?

Answer 15

Aids the digestion of fats and neutralizes stomach acid

Question 16

Where is bile stored before being released into the duodenum?

Answer 16

Gall bladder

Question 17

What digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas?

Answer 17

Amylase, protease, and lipase

Question 18

What happens in the duodenum of the small intestine?

Answer 18

Food enters from the stomach, and enzymes complete chemical digestion

Question 19

How is the acidic content from the stomach neutralized in the small intestine?

Answer 19

By bile

Question 20

What occurs in the ileum of the small intestine?

Answer 20

Food and water are absorbed into the blood via villi

Question 21

What is the primary function of the colon?

Answer 21

Remaining water is absorbed from food into the blood, and solid waste forms faeces

Question 22

What is the role of the rectum in the digestive system?

Answer 22

Faeces are stored here prior to egestion

Question 23

What is the final step of the digestive process?

Answer 23

Egestion, where faeces leave the body via the anus

Question 24

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Answer 24

Breaks down large, insoluble food molecules into smaller, soluble ones that can be absorbed into the blood.

Question 25

List the stages of the digestive process.

Answer 25

* Ingestion * Digestion * Absorption * Assimilation * Egestion

Question 26

What organ is responsible for ingestion?

Answer 26

Mouth

Question 27

What role do teeth play in digestion?

Answer 27

Mechanically break food down.

Question 28

What enzyme does saliva contain, and what does it begin to digest?

Answer 28

Amylase; it begins starch digestion.

Question 29

What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 29

Muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach; peristalsis moves food down.

Question 30

What does the stomach produce to kill bacteria?

Answer 30

HCl (hydrochloric acid)

Question 31

What enzyme in the stomach digests proteins?

Answer 31

Pepsin

Question 32

What is the main site for digestion and absorption?

Answer 32

Small intestine (duodenum + ileum)

Question 33

What enzymes does the pancreas produce?

Answer 33

* Amylase * Protease * Lipase

Question 34

What is the function of bile?

Answer 34

* Emulsifies fats * Neutralizes stomach acid

Question 35

What organ stores bile?

Answer 35

Gall bladder

Question 36

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Answer 36

Absorbs water and forms faeces.

Question 37

What is the role of the rectum in the digestive system?

Answer 37

Stores faeces before egestion.

Question 38

What controls the release of faeces?

Answer 38

Anus

Question 39

Where does amylase act in the digestive system?

Answer 39

Mouth and small intestine

Question 40

What is the product of maltase acting on maltose?

Answer 40

Glucose

Question 41

Where are proteases such as pepsin and trypsin secreted?

Answer 41

* Stomach (pepsin) * Pancreas (trypsin)

Question 42

Where does lipase act?

Answer 42

Small intestine

Question 43

What is the primary function of bile in the digestive process?

Answer 43

Emulsifies fats and neutralizes stomach acid.

Question 44

What adaptations does the ileum have for efficient absorption?

Answer 44

* Long length * Villi and microvilli * Thin epithelium * Rich blood supply * Lacteal in villi

Question 45

What is the definition of ingestion?

Answer 45

Taking food into the mouth.

Question 46

What is digestion?

Answer 46

Breaking down large molecules into small, soluble ones (mechanical + chemical).

Question 47

What is absorption in the digestive system?

Answer 47

Nutrients move from the gut into the blood or lymph.

Question 48

What is assimilation?

Answer 48

Using absorbed nutrients in cells for energy, growth, repair.

Question 49

What does egestion refer to?

Answer 49

Removal of undigested food as faeces.