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Embryo Ex 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

During body folding (week 4) endoderm is incorporated into…

A

epithelial lining

Glands of GI tract

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2
Q

Foregut forms during….

A

head fold

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3
Q

Hindgut forms during…

A

Tail fold

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4
Q

Midgut forms during

A

Lateral folding

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5
Q

Cloacal membrane ruptures when?

A

around the 8th week

the rupture allows the urination.. and etc.

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6
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm form what structures?

A

Splanchnic = visceral, so it is mesoderm related to organs…

  1. smooth muscle
  2. CT of Gi tract
  3. Visceral peritoneum
  4. Mesentery (Dorsal/Ventral)
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7
Q

What makes the parietal peritoneum?

A

somatic mesoderm

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8
Q

What is the function of mesenteries?

A

Suspend organs from the body wall

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9
Q

Any mesentery at the level of stomach is called???

A

Mesogastrium

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10
Q

Ventral mesogastrium?

A

Lesser Omentum = Hepatogastric + Hepatoduodenal ligaments

Falciform ligament

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11
Q

Dorsal mesogastrium?

A

Greater omentum

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12
Q

During week 5-7: ectoderm (neural crest) enters the GI tract to form?

A

Enteric nervous system

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13
Q

GI tract is divided into…

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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14
Q

Arterial supply to the Gut regions

A

Pharynx: pharyngeal arch aa.

Foregut: celiac trunk

Midgut: superior mesenteric a. (SMA)

Hindgut: inferior mesenteric a. (IMA)

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15
Q

Foregut derivatives include? (including organs)

A 
Pharynx
Lower Resp system
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal 1/2 of duodenum

Organs:
Liver, GB, Biliary system, Pancreas

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16
Q

During week 4, what structure appears on ventral side of the foregut that will become the trachea + respiratory tree & lungs?

A

Respiratory diverticulum

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17
Q

Dorsal side of stomach becomes? and when?

A

Greater curvature, week 4

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18
Q

Ventral side of stomach becomes? and when?

A

Lesser curvature, week 4

19
Q

Stomach undergoes ____ degrees ____ rotation

After rotation Ventral side ends up on the ____, dorsal side ends up on the ____

R Vagus nerve supplies ______
L Vagus nerve supplies ______

A

90 degrees, Clockwise

Right, Left

Dorsal stomach, Ventral stomach

20
Q

As stomach rotates, what else also moves along with it?

A

Dorsal mesogastrium (carried to the left), which enlarges the omental bursa

21
Q

Foregut-midgut split just distal to opening for _______

A

pancreatic & common bile ducts

22
Q

During week 4 ______ emerges ventrally from endoderm of distal foregut, grows superiorly toward septum transversum and gives rise to _____________________

A

Hepatic diverticulum

Liver, GB, Bile ducts

23
Q

Pancreas develop as ______ and ______

A

Dorsal & Ventral buds

24
Q

Ventral bud becomes??

A

Uncinate provess

Inferior portion of head (pancreas)

25
Q

As duodenum rotates, ventral bud also swings with it to _____ direction

A

Clockwise

26
Q

What structures become main pancreatic duct?

A

Distal portion of dorsal bud duct

Ventral bud duct

27
Q

Accessory pancreatic duct?

A

Proximal dorsal bud duct

28
Q

Why does the dorsal bud give rise to more structures than ventral bud?

A

It is LARGER!

29
Q

What happens if 2 portions of ventral buds fail to fuse prior to rotation?

A

ANNULAR PANCREAS:

Each portion may wrap oppositely around the duodenum then fuse with the other, forming an obstructive ring

30
Q

Midgut derivatives?

A 
Distal 1/2 duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum & appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
31
Q

What is is called when insufficient room in the abdominal cavity leads to temporary herniation of midgut loop into the proximal umbilical cord? and when does it happen?

A

Physiological umbilical herniation

Weeks 6-10

32
Q

What is congenital omphalocoele?

A

Persisting umbilical hernia

Viscera covered by amnion & within proximal umbilical cord

Mortality rate very high (25%)

33
Q

What is Gastrochisis?

A

Hernia of small intestine and occasionally other abdominal viscera thru anterior body wall

Does not involve umbilical cord

Exposure to amniotic fluid can damage viscera

34
Q

1st midgut rotation and 2nd midgut rotation occur when and which direction?

A

1st: Week 6, 90 degrees CCW
2nd: Week 10, 180 degrees CCW rotation brings intestines to normal position

35
Q

Retroperitoneal structures include?

A

Kidneys (Primary retroperitoneal)

Distal duodenum
Pancreas
Ascending colon
Descending colon (all 4 are 2nd retroperitoneal)

36
Q

Intraperitoneal structures?

A 
Stomach
Proximal duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
37
Q

What happens in Nonrotation?

A

Caudal limb returns first and occupies the left side of abdominal cavity, resulting in a…

Left-sided colon

38
Q

What happens in reversed rotation of the midgut?

A

Net rotation is 90 degrees CW

Midgut and hindgut in normal positions

Duodenum is not… it is ventral to TVC (does not become retroperitoneal)

39
Q

One of the most common rotation problem?

A

Volvulus

Abnormal rotation around mesenteric attachment site

Can result in bowel obstruction/compromised blood flow leading to stenosis/atresia/ischemia/necrosis

40
Q

Intestines become temporarily occluded by epithelial cells at _______ and should recanalize by the end of ________

A

Week 6, Week 8

41
Q

Hindgut derivatives?

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon
Descending colon
sigmoid colon

Rectum
Superior portion of anal canal

Rectum and superior anal canal derived from posterior portion of cloaca after it is partitioned by the urorectal septum

42
Q

Urorectal septum paritioning the cloaca into…?

A
  1. Urogenital sinus (ventrally)

2. Anorectal canal (dorsally)

43
Q

what happens if the urorectal septum fails to completely separte the hindgut from the urogenital sinus or if the cloaca is too small?

A

Hindgut fistulas

44
Q

What happens when neural crest cells fail to migrate to form the enteric nervous system?

A

Hirschsprung’s disease (Aganglionic megacolon)

Can lead to severe constipation

failure to thrive (develop well)

Embryo Ex 2 (2 decks)

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