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Embryo Ex 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

During body folding (week 4) endoderm is incorporated into…

A

epithelial lining

Glands of GI tract

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2
Q

Foregut forms during….

A

head fold

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3
Q

Hindgut forms during…

A

Tail fold

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4
Q

Midgut forms during

A

Lateral folding

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5
Q

Cloacal membrane ruptures when?

A

around the 8th week

the rupture allows the urination.. and etc.

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6
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm form what structures?

A

Splanchnic = visceral, so it is mesoderm related to organs…

  1. smooth muscle
  2. CT of Gi tract
  3. Visceral peritoneum
  4. Mesentery (Dorsal/Ventral)
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7
Q

What makes the parietal peritoneum?

A

somatic mesoderm

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8
Q

What is the function of mesenteries?

A

Suspend organs from the body wall

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9
Q

Any mesentery at the level of stomach is called???

A

Mesogastrium

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10
Q

Ventral mesogastrium?

A

Lesser Omentum = Hepatogastric + Hepatoduodenal ligaments

Falciform ligament

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11
Q

Dorsal mesogastrium?

A

Greater omentum

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12
Q

During week 5-7: ectoderm (neural crest) enters the GI tract to form?

A

Enteric nervous system

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13
Q

GI tract is divided into…

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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14
Q

Arterial supply to the Gut regions

A

Pharynx: pharyngeal arch aa.

Foregut: celiac trunk

Midgut: superior mesenteric a. (SMA)

Hindgut: inferior mesenteric a. (IMA)

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15
Q

Foregut derivatives include? (including organs)

A 
Pharynx
Lower Resp system
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal 1/2 of duodenum

Organs:
Liver, GB, Biliary system, Pancreas

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16
Q

During week 4, what structure appears on ventral side of the foregut that will become the trachea + respiratory tree & lungs?

A

Respiratory diverticulum

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17
Q

Dorsal side of stomach becomes? and when?

A

Greater curvature, week 4

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18
Q

Ventral side of stomach becomes? and when?

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A

Lesser curvature, week 4

19
Q

Stomach undergoes ____ degrees ____ rotation

After rotation Ventral side ends up on the ____, dorsal side ends up on the ____

R Vagus nerve supplies ______
L Vagus nerve supplies ______

Study These Flashcards
A

90 degrees, Clockwise

Right, Left

Dorsal stomach, Ventral stomach

20
Q

As stomach rotates, what else also moves along with it?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dorsal mesogastrium (carried to the left), which enlarges the omental bursa

21
Q

Foregut-midgut split just distal to opening for _______

Study These Flashcards
A

pancreatic & common bile ducts

22
Q

During week 4 ______ emerges ventrally from endoderm of distal foregut, grows superiorly toward septum transversum and gives rise to _____________________

Study These Flashcards
A

Hepatic diverticulum

Liver, GB, Bile ducts

23
Q

Pancreas develop as ______ and ______

Study These Flashcards
A

Dorsal & Ventral buds

24
Q

Ventral bud becomes??

Study These Flashcards
A

Uncinate provess

Inferior portion of head (pancreas)

25
As duodenum rotates, ventral bud also swings with it to _____ direction
Clockwise
26
What structures become main pancreatic duct?
Distal portion of dorsal bud duct Ventral bud duct
27
Accessory pancreatic duct?
Proximal dorsal bud duct
28
Why does the dorsal bud give rise to more structures than ventral bud?
It is LARGER!
29
What happens if 2 portions of ventral buds fail to fuse prior to rotation?
ANNULAR PANCREAS: Each portion may wrap oppositely around the duodenum then fuse with the other, forming an obstructive ring
30
Midgut derivatives?
``` Distal 1/2 duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum & appendix Ascending colon Proximal 2/3 transverse colon ```
31
What is is called when insufficient room in the abdominal cavity leads to temporary herniation of midgut loop into the proximal umbilical cord? and when does it happen?
Physiological umbilical herniation Weeks 6-10
32
What is congenital omphalocoele?
Persisting umbilical hernia Viscera covered by amnion & within proximal umbilical cord Mortality rate very high (25%)
33
What is Gastrochisis?
Hernia of small intestine and occasionally other abdominal viscera thru anterior body wall Does not involve umbilical cord Exposure to amniotic fluid can damage viscera
34
1st midgut rotation and 2nd midgut rotation occur when and which direction?
1st: Week 6, 90 degrees CCW 2nd: Week 10, 180 degrees CCW rotation brings intestines to normal position
35
Retroperitoneal structures include?
Kidneys (Primary retroperitoneal) Distal duodenum Pancreas Ascending colon Descending colon (all 4 are 2nd retroperitoneal)
36
Intraperitoneal structures?
``` Stomach Proximal duodenum Jejunum Ileum Transverse colon Sigmoid colon ```
37
What happens in Nonrotation?
Caudal limb returns first and occupies the left side of abdominal cavity, resulting in a... Left-sided colon
38
What happens in reversed rotation of the midgut?
Net rotation is 90 degrees CW Midgut and hindgut in normal positions Duodenum is not... it is ventral to TVC (does not become retroperitoneal)
39
One of the most common rotation problem?
Volvulus Abnormal rotation around mesenteric attachment site Can result in bowel obstruction/compromised blood flow leading to stenosis/atresia/ischemia/necrosis
40
Intestines become temporarily occluded by epithelial cells at _______ and should recanalize by the end of ________
Week 6, Week 8
41
Hindgut derivatives?
Distal 1/3 transverse colon Descending colon sigmoid colon Rectum Superior portion of anal canal Rectum and superior anal canal derived from posterior portion of cloaca after it is partitioned by the urorectal septum
42
Urorectal septum paritioning the cloaca into...?
1. Urogenital sinus (ventrally) | 2. Anorectal canal (dorsally)
43
what happens if the urorectal septum fails to completely separte the hindgut from the urogenital sinus or if the cloaca is too small?
Hindgut fistulas
44
What happens when neural crest cells fail to migrate to form the enteric nervous system?
Hirschsprung's disease (Aganglionic megacolon) Can lead to severe constipation failure to thrive (develop well)

Embryo Ex 2 (2 decks)

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