Digestive System

Question 1

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Ingestion, mastication
Secretion, absorption
Elimination of Wastes
Motility, hormone release
Chemical digestion

Question 2

The oral cavity includes what?

Answer 2

Tongue, teeth, major and minor salivary glands, tonsils, and lips.

Question 3

The oral cavity is lined with what?

Answer 3

Oral mucosa

Question 4

What are the 3 types of oral mucosa?

Answer 4

masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
Specialized mucosa

Question 5

The masticatory mucosa is found where?

Answer 5

On gingival and hard palate

Question 6

Masticatory mucosa has what type of surface epithelium?

Answer 6

keratinized or parakeratinized stratified squamous

Question 7

What is the difference between parakeratinized and keratinized surface epithelium?

Answer 7

The superficial cells of parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium keep their nuclei.

Question 8

What are the two parts of the masticatory mucosa’s lamina propria?

Answer 8

Papillary layer and

reticular layer

Question 9

The papillary layer of the masticatory mucosa’s lamina propria is made up of what kind of connective tissue?

Answer 9

Thick loose ct

Question 10

Which of the two layers of the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa has blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors and some Meissner’s corpuscles?

Answer 10

Papillary layer

Question 11

What type of ct is in the reticular layer of the lamina propria for the masticatory mucosa?

Answer 11

More dense ct

Question 12

Where is the lining mucosa found?

Answer 12

Soft palate, underside of tongue, floor of mouth, cheeks, and lips.

Question 13

What is found in the papillary layer of the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa?

Answer 13

Blood vessels
Nerves
Sensory receptors
Some Meissner’s Corpuscles

Question 14

What is generally the surface epithelium of the lining mucosa?

Answer 14

Stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)

Question 15

What is occasionally the surface epithelium for lining mucosa?

Answer 15

Parakeratinized epithelium

Question 16

What is the surface epithelium for the lips, vermillion border?

Answer 16

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 17

Which is a thicker layer of epithelium (lining mucosa)? non-keratinized or keratinized epithelium?

Answer 17

non-keratinized

Question 18

Describe the lamina propria of the lining mucosa?

Answer 18

Loose ct with blood vessels and nerves

Question 19

What gives the vermillion border it’s reddish look?

Answer 19

Blood vessels

Question 20

Does the lining mucosa have a submucosa?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

Where is the submucosa of the lining mucosa found?

Answer 21

Found in most places

Question 22

What can the submucosa contain?

Answer 22

Minor salivary glands
Sebaceous glands (mouth corners)
Larger blood vessels
nerves

Question 23

Where is the specialized mucosa found?

Answer 23

On the dorsal surface of the tongue

Question 24

What is the surface epithelium of the specialized mucosa (2)?

Answer 24

keratinized stratified squamous

Stratified squamous

Question 25

What kind of surface epithelium is found o filiform papillae?

Answer 25

Keratinized stratified squamous

Question 26

What kind of surface epithelium is found on all other papillae other than filiform?

Answer 26

Stratified squamous

Question 27

What are the general functions of the specialized mucosa?

Answer 27

Move food | taste

Question 28

What is the pattern of the mucosa of the tongue?

Answer 28

Thicker dorsally, thinner and smoother posteriorly

Question 29

Small salivary (von Ebner) glands are associated with what type of papillae?

Answer 29

Vallate

Question 30

What is the function of the von Ebner - small salivary - glands?

Answer 30

produce serious fluid to cleanse the Tate buds on vallate papillae

Question 31

Taste buds are located on all papillae except which ones?

Answer 31

filiform papillae

Question 32

The surface area of the tongue includes what types of papillae?

Answer 32

Filiform, cuneiform, foliage, vallate

Question 33

What is the lamina propria of the tongue contains?

Answer 33

Loose ct | adipose possible

Question 34

Is a submucosa usually considered present of the tongue?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

What else can be a part of the submucosa? At what time?

Answer 35

Adipose possible | As we age

Question 36

What does the submucosa of the tongue contain?

Answer 36

Lingual salivary glands

Question 37

What do the lingual salivary glands produce?

Answer 37

Same products as the major salivary glands

Question 38

Do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue have external attachment?

Answer 38

NO

Question 39

What is the arrangement of the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 39

4 alternating muscles arranged from dorsal to posterior within the tongue

Question 40

What 4 intrinsic muscles are in the tongue?

Answer 40

Superior longitudinal muscle Vertical muscles alternating with transverse muscles Inferior longitudinal muscles

Question 41

Which muscle is on the undersurface of the tongue?

Answer 41

Inferior longitudinal

Question 42

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 42

change the tongue shape

Question 43

List the layers from outside to inside of a developing tooth before eruption through the gingiva.

Answer 43

``` ameloblasts Enamel dentin predentin odontoblast Dental papilla ```

Question 44

What type of cells are ameloblasts?

Answer 44

Polarized columnar cells

Question 45

What happens to the ameloblasts after the tooth erupts?

Answer 45

Lose - they die when hit the air

Question 46

What is the function of ameloblasts?

Answer 46

produce enamel

Question 47

What is the hardest substance in the body?

Answer 47

enamel

Question 48

How thick is enamel?

Answer 48

About 2mm thick

Question 49

Can you make more enamel after the tooth has erupted?

Answer 49

no

Question 50

The enamel is made of what?

Answer 50

Interlinked enamel rods

Question 51

Dentin is harder than what?

Answer 51

bone

Question 52

Can you repair dentin?

Answer 52

yes

Question 53

Dentin contains what?

Answer 53

thin dentinal tumbles containing nerves and cell processes of odontoblasts

Question 54

Denting is produced by what?

Answer 54

odontoblasts

Question 55

What is produced by odontoblasts?

Answer 55

dentin

Question 56

What is predentin?

Answer 56

A precursor to dentin before mineralization?

Question 57

What is a precursor to dentin before mineralization?

Answer 57

predentin

Question 58

What type of cell is an odontoblast?

Answer 58

Columnar cell

Question 59

Where do you find odontoblasts?

Answer 59

Lining pulp cavity

Question 60

What is the function of odontoblasts?

Answer 60

repair, produce, and maintain dentin

Question 61

What is the ct with many blood vessels and nerves of the dental papilla called?

Answer 61

Dental pulp

Question 62

What is a potential problem with the dental papilla?

Answer 62

Extensive inflammation