Digestive System Flashcards Preview

Anatomy & Physiology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Digestive System Deck (20)
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1
Q

Accessory organs of digestion

A

Liver, pancreas, gallbladder

2
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing. Food is ingested into the mouth where it is mechanically broken down by the teeth and tongue

3
Q

Saliva

A

Produced by the three pairs of salivary glands, lubricates and dilutes the chewed food

4
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme in saliva that starts the digestion of complex carbohydrates

5
Q

Bolus

A

Ball of food

6
Q

Esophagus

A

Narrow tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach

7
Q

Four main layers of the digestive tract

A

Mucous membrane, submucous layer, muscular layer, serous layer

8
Q

Gastric glands

A

Found in stomach, secrete hydrochloric acid that breaks down foods

9
Q

Chyme

A

The soupy substance that the mass is turned into. The stomach muscle churns and mixes the bolus of food.

10
Q

Stomach

A

Breaks down food, stores food, regulates the movement of food into the small intestine

11
Q

Small intestine

A

Where digestion and absorption of food occur. Food is acted on by various enzymes.

12
Q

Three major regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

13
Q

The blood absorbs

A

Amino acids and simple sugars from proteins and carbs

14
Q

Lymph absorbs

A

Most of the fats, which are eventually added to the bloodstream

15
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Where all nutrients are routed to the liver for decontamination

16
Q

Villi

A

Small fingerlike projections, greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall

17
Q

Large intestine

A

Reabsorbs water and stores and eliminates the undigested food. There are abundant bacteria, the intestinal flora.

18
Q

Five portions of the large intestine

A

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

19
Q

Anus

A

The opening for defecation

20
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Digestive tube, consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus