Digestive System

Question 1

Major organs of the digestive system (7)

Answer 1

• salvary glands
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine
• rectum

Question 2

Accessory organs

Answer 2

• gall bladder
• pancreas
• liver

Question 3

lumen of the digestive tract is part of the outside world. true or false?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

6 major activities of the digestive system

Answer 4

1- ingestion
2- mechanical digestion
3- chemical digestion
4- absorption
5- propulsion
6- defecation

Question 5

general function of the digestive system

Answer 5

take the food we eat, break it down into small substances so we are able to absorb for energy

Question 6

the space between your teeth, cheeks and lips is called the what?

Answer 6

the vestibule

Question 7

where is the palatine tonsil located?

Answer 7

back of the oral cavity in the Oropharynx

Question 8

where is the pharyngeal tonsil located?

Answer 8

back of the sup. nasopharynx cavity

Question 9

what are the 3 frenulums?

Answer 9

1- sup. labial frenulum
2- inf. labial frenulum
3- lingual frenulum

Question 10

what do the salivary glands empty into?

Answer 10

Duct of submandibular gland

Question 11

where do the ducts of the submandibular glands empty?

Answer 11

inferiolateral to the tongue

Question 12

the hardest substance in the body (harder than bone)?

Answer 12

Enamel (cells making enamel- enamoblasts- fall off as soon as enamel is made)

Question 13

what are the layers of the teeth (from outer to inner)?

Answer 13

1. enamel
2. dentin
3. pulp cavity

Question 14

what are the regions of the teeth (from top to bottom- simple explanation)

Answer 14

1. Crown- enamel- visible portion of tooth
2. Neck- dentin- portion covered by Gingiva (gum)
3. Root- Cememtum- covered by peridontal ligament

Question 15

what is the problem with dentin?

Answer 15

bacteria can get into Dentinal Tubules and infect tooth

Question 16

this tooth tissue tries to take the place of enamel…

Answer 16

Cementum

Question 17

the part of the tooth we see is called what?

Answer 17

the crown

Question 18

the root is embedded in the bone of the jaw and the region in between the root and the crown is the what?

Answer 18

the neck

Question 19

where is the most vulnerable portion of the tooth?

Answer 19

the neck- no enamel or cementum and dentinal tubules expose pulp cavity

Question 20

how many teeth do we have?

Answer 20

32 (2, 1, 2, 3- 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars on each side, top and bottom)

Question 21

describe the lingual epithelium

Answer 21

stratified squamous epithelium that is slightly karitinized

Question 22

what are the 3 papilla of the tongue and what is the function of papilla?

Answer 22

1. circumvallate (majority at dorsum of tongue- highly concentrated here)
2. filiform papillae (rough texture of tongue)
3. fungiform papillae

carry taste buds on their upper surface

Question 23

what nerves contribute to sensation in the tongue?

Answer 23

1. trigeminal (mandibular branch) (ant. 2/3)

2. glossopharyngeal (post. 1/3)

Question 24

what nerves contribute to taste in the tongue?

Answer 24

1. facial (ant. 2/3)

2. glossopharyngeal (post 1/3)

Question 25

what is the main artery supplying the tongue?

Answer 25

Lingual artery

Question 26

what chemical triggers umami receptors?

Answer 26

Glutamate (msg, mushrooms, meat collagen, soy)

Question 27

how many pairs of Salivary glands do we have? and where are they?

Answer 27

1. Parotid gland (lat. to masseter, duct penetrates cheek by upper second molar) 2. submandibular (inf. to mandible, have ducts inferiolateral to tongue) 3. sublingual (inf. to tongue, ducts all along inferior tongue)

Question 28

This wraps around the mylohyoid and ducts travel toward lingual frenulum?

Answer 28

submandibular gland

Question 29

what is a bolus?

Answer 29

the amount of food you swallow

Question 30

we have skeletal muscles in the pharynx. True or false?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

once we get below the cricoid cartilage, we enter the esophagus. True or false?

Answer 31

True

Question 32

what are the 4 layers of the digestive system wall

Answer 32

1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Adventitia/Serosa

Question 33

what are the three layers of the mucosa?

Answer 33

1. Epithelium 2. Lamina Propria 3. Muscularis mucosa

Question 34

what is found in the submucosa and what is it made of (2 things)? (basic plan)

Answer 34

1. gland 2. nerve plexus - made of loose CT

Question 35

what are the characteristics of the mucosa layer (GI Tract)?

Answer 35

- 3 layers (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa) - comes in contact with chyme - lymphocytes found in lamina propria (blood vessels) - absorptive - Mucus layer so it contains goblet cells - Villus/microvilli move the chyme around for absorption

Question 36

Crypts are projections into the lamina propria in what parts of the GI tract?

Answer 36

- Small intestine | - Large intestine

Question 37

Structures found in the stomach that resemble crypts are called What?

Answer 37

-Gastric Pits -or- Glands

Question 38

What are the characteristics of the muscularis layer?

Answer 38

- circular smooth muscle - longitudinal smooth muscle - nerve plexus (Myenteric plexus)

Question 39

Characteristics of the Serousa

Answer 39

Serosa - coating of Loose CT - may have simple squamous epithelium (Serous Membrane- Visceral Peritonium) - secrete serous fluid that provides lubrication to reduce friction.

Question 40

Difference btwn adventitia and serous?

Answer 40

Adventitia w/ serous membrane = Serosa