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GAP Exam 5 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Components of the Alimentary Canal

A 
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
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2
Q

Function of the Alimentary Canal

A

Digest and Absorb nutrients

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3
Q

Accessory Organs of the Alimentary Canal

A 
Teeth
Salivary Glands
Tongue
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
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4
Q

Function of the Teeth

A

Mechanical digestion (Chewing)

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5
Q

Function of Salivary Glands

A

Chemical digestion

Secretions help clean the mouth and dissolve food to form bolus

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6
Q

Function of Tongue

A

Involved in swallowing

Aids in formation of bolus

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7
Q

Function of Liver

A

Produces bile
Processes nutrients
Stores fat soluble vitamins
Detoxifies absorbed substances

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8
Q

Function of Gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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9
Q

Function of Pancreas

A

Release insulin and glucagon
Release digestive enzymes
Help neutralize chyme from stomach

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10
Q

Mechanical Digestion VS Chemical Digestion

A

MECHANICAL
Physical breakdown of food

CHEMICAL
Enzymatic breakdown of food via various secretions

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11
Q

Steps of the digestive process

A 
Ingestion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical Digestion
Propulsion
Absorption
Defecation
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12
Q

What is Ingestion

A

Entry of food into the alimentary canal

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13
Q

What is Propulsion

A

Skeletal and smooth muscle contractions that propel food through the alimentary canal

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14
Q

What is Absorption

A

Transport of nutrients from alimentary canal into blod or lymph

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15
Q

What is Defecation

A

Removal of remaining undigested solid components and waste

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16
Q

Where does ingestion take place

A

Mouth

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17
Q

Where does mechanical digestion take place

A

Mouth… Chewing
Stomach… Churning
Small Intestine… Segmentation

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18
Q

Where does Chemical digestion take place

A

Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine

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19
Q

Where does propulsion take place

A 
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large intestine
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20
Q

Where does Absorption take place

A

Small intestine

Large intestine

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21
Q

Where does defecation take place

A

Large intestine

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22
Q

Layers of Peritoneum

A

Visceral Peritoneum
Parietal Peritoneum
Peritoneal Cavity
Mesentary

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23
Q

What is Visceral Peritoneum

A

Outermost layer of digestive organs

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24
Q

What is Parietal Peritoneum

A

Lines the abdominal wall

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25
What is Peritoneal Cavity
Fluid filled space between layers
26
What is Mesentary
Double layer of peritoneum that anchors digestive organs to posterior abdominal wall
27
Tissue Layers of the Alimentary Canal
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Adventita/Serosa
28
Mucosa
Simple columnar epithelial with golbet cells Secretes digestive enzymes, mucus, and hormones Absorbs nutrients from lumen
29
Submucosa
Areolar and dense connective tissue | Contains blood and lymphatic vessels which prevent microbes from being absorbed into body
30
Muscularis
Smooth muscle with gap junctions Inner layer decreases size of lumen Outer layer shortens length of tubes Peristalsis is altering contraction of these layers propelling contents through canal
31
Adventita/Serosa
Areolar connective tissue | Visceral peritoneum found in this layer
32
Peristalsis VS Segmentation
PERISTALSIS Altering contraction of muscularis layers propelling contents through canal SEGMENTATION (mixing) Back and forth movement blending contents of tract
33
Structural components of the mouth
Teeth Tongue Salivary glands
34
Functional components of the Tongue
Intrinsic Muscles Extrinsic Muscles Lingual Papillae
35
Intrinsic Muscles of tongue function
Change shape of tongue
36
Extrinsic Muscles of tongue function
Change position of tongue
37
Lingual papillae of tongue funtion
house taste buds and provide friction
38
Function of Salivary glands and Saliva
Secretions help clean mouth and dissolve food chemicals Salivary amylase begins chemical digestion of starch *made of 98% water
39
What is Mastication
Chewing
40
Primary VS Permanent dentition
PRIMARY Deciduous Teeth fall out and are replaced(20) PERMANENT Adult set of teeth (32)
41
Structural components of teeth
Crown.. Exposed portion of tooth covered in enamel Root.. Embedded within bone of mandible and maxilla
42
Classify Teeth
Incisors.. Chopping Canines.. Rending flesh Premolars.. Grinding and crushing Molars.. Grinding and Crushing
43
Processes of Deglutition
Buccal Phase Pharyngeal-Esophageal Phase
44
Pharyngeal-Esophageal Phase of Deglutition
Skeletal and Smooth muscle contraction pushing bolus into esophagus
45
Buccal Phase of Deglutition
Voluntary contraction of tongue pushing bolus of food to posterior oral cavity and into oropharynx
46
Function of the Stomach
Breakdown food and churn to aid in digestion | Makes chyme
47
Function of smooth muscle in stomach
Allow for churning
48
Stomach Cells
Goblet Cells Parietal Cells Cheif Cells Enteroendocrine Cells
49
Goblet Cells
Secrete Mucus
50
Parietal Cells
Secrete HCI and Intrinsic Factor
51
Chief Cells
Secrete Pepsinogen
52
Enteroendocrine Cells
Secrete Gastrin which stimulates secretions and motility
53
Roll of Intrinsic Factor
Necessary for B12 absorption in small intestine
54
Gastric Emptying
Stomach contents emptied via pyloric sphincter into duodenum Propulsion results from peristaltic wave Pyloric sphincter opens allowing passage of a small amount of chyme Sphincter closes, chyme rebounds into stomach
55
Parts of upper GI
Esophagus Stomach First part of small intestine
56
Parts of lower GI
Most of small intestine | Large intestine
57
Regions of the small intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
58
Duodenum function
Receives chyme | Site of accessory gland secretions from liver, gallbladder and pancreas
59
Jejunum Function
Most chemical digestion and absorption happens here
60
Ileum
Joins large intestine | Absorption continues here
61
Function of Circular Folds
Increase surface area for absorption
62
Function of Villi
Located within Circular folds and increase surface area even more *Contains blood vessels for absorption into blood
63
Function of Lacteals
Located in villi and absorb lipids
64
What are the 4 lobes of the liver
Right Left Caudate Quadrate
65
Digestive function of the liver
Detoxifies absorbed substances | Produces bile
66
Hepatocytes (Liver Cells)
Process nutrients Store fat soluble vitamins Detoxify and absorb nutrients
67
Function of Hepatic Portal Vein
Collects most absorbed nutrients from intestines and transports them to liver
68
Function of Bile
Emulsifies lipids allowing them to be transported in water Carries excess waste and bilirubin from erythrocyte destruction into small intestine to be removed via fecal matter
69
Composition of Bile
Yellow-Green Alkaline Solution
70
Location of Gallbladder
Inferior to Liver
71
Function of Gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile releasing it into cystic duct then common bile duct
72
Endocrine functions of the pancreas
release insulin and glucagon
73
Exocrine function of pancreas
Release digestive enzymes for all nutrient categories
74
Digestive Enzymes
``` Pancreatic Amylase Pancreatic Lipase Trypsin Chymotrypsin Pancreatic Nuclease ```
75
Pancreatic Amylase
Chemically digest carbohydrates
76
Pancreatic Lipase
Chemically digest Lipids
77
Trypsin
Break amino acid bonds in protiens
78
Chymotrypsin
Break amino acid bonds in proteins
79
Pancreatic Nuclease
Chemically digest nucleic acids
80
Regions of Large intestine
``` Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon Rectum Anal Canal ```
81
Function of Large intestine
Absorbs additional H2O and electrolytes Converts remaining chyme into feces Defecation
82
Role of bacterial Flora
Produce vitamins B and K | Breakdown remaining carbohydrates, lipids, and protein
83
Gastrocolic Reflex
Eating stimulates movement int the GI Tract | May lead to a bowel movement
84
Tissue of internal Vs External Anal Sphincter
INTERNAL involuntary smooth muscle EXTERNAL voluntary skeletal muscle
85
Process of defecation
Filling of rectum initiates urge to defecate Spinal reflex relaxes internal sphincter External sphincter relaxed voluntarily *learn to relax external sphincter around age 3

GAP Exam 5 (3 decks)

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