Digestive System ( Diseases & Prevention ) Mitosis & Meiosis.

Question 1

Is the process of mechanically & enzymatically breaking down food into substances for absorption into the bloodstream.

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

Involves physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more effectively undergo chemical digestion.

Answer 2

Mechanical Digestion

Question 3

Is to further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream.

Answer 3

Chemical Digestion

Question 4

Is the beginning of the digestive tract.

Answer 4

Mouth

Question 5

Receives food from your mouth as you swallow.

Answer 5

Esophagus

Question 6

Is a small flap that folds over your windpipe as you swallow to prevent you from choking.

Answer 6

Epiglottis

Question 7

A series of muscular contractions within the esophagus called ___________ delivers food to your stomach.

Answer 7

Peristalsis

Question 8

Is a 22-foot long muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver.

Answer 8

Small Intestine

Question 9

Is a hollow organ, or “container,” that holds food while it is being mixed with digestive enzymes.

Answer 9

Stomach

Question 10

Is the 1st segment of the small intestine. It is also largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process.

Answer 10

Duodenum

Question 11

Secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum that break down protein, fats, & carbohydrates, also makes insulin.

Answer 11

Pancreas

Question 12

Is the chief hormone in your body for metabolizing sugar.

Answer 12

Insulin

Question 13

Processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine.

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

____ from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat & some vitamins.

Answer 14

Bile

Question 15

Stores & concentrates bile from the liver, and then releases it into the duodenum in the small intestine to help absorb & digest fats.

Answer 15

Gallbladder

Question 16

It’s a 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum.

Answer 16

Large Intestine
(also known as the colon)

Question 17

Is a straight, 8-inch chamber that connects the colon to the anus.

Answer 17

Rectum

Question 18

Is the last part of the digestive tract. It is a 2-inch long canal consisting of the pelvic floor muscles & the 2 anal sphincters.

Answer 18

Anus

Question 19

Is a common problem with the intestines. In people with this disease, the intestines squeeze too hard or not hard enough and it causes food to move too quickly or too slowly through the intestines.

Answer 19

IBS or (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

Question 20

Is when acid from inside your stomach flows up into your esophagus & throat.

Answer 20

Acid Reflux

Question 21

Is a chronic condition of acid reflux & can result in persistent heartburn.

Answer 21

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Question 22

Is when your stools are loose & watery. You may also need to go to the bathroom more often.

Answer 22

Diarrhea

Question 23

Are sores or lesions that form in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. It is caused by the bacteria known as Helicobacter Pylori.

Answer 23

Peptic Ulcer

Question 24

Is when your stomach & intestines are irritated & inflamed.

Answer 24

Gastroenteritis

Question 25

Also called piles, are swollen veins in the anus & lower rectum.

Answer 25

Hemorrhoids

Question 26

Is a problem with passing stool. A lack of fiber in the diet could be a cause.

Answer 26

Constipation

Question 27

It refers to the process of transmission of genes from parent to offspring.

Answer 27

Inheritance

Question 28

All living things contain a self-replicating genetic material that directs the activities & functions of the cells. That material is called?

Answer 28

The Chromosome

Question 29

Is the genetic material located inside a chromosome in the nucleus of the cell.

Answer 29

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 30

2 identical halves of a replicated chromosome after the synthesis phase or S phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 30

Chromatids

Question 31

The attachment points of the 2 chromatids of a chromosome.

Answer 31

Centromere

Question 32

Upper arms of the chromosome which is usually shorter.

Answer 32

Short arm or P arm

Question 33

Lower arms of the chromosome which is usually longer.

Answer 33

Q arm

Question 34

Is the interval between 2 cell divisions. During this stage, the cell is not dividing; it merely grows.

Answer 34

Interphase

Question 35

Period of where : • cell grows initially • synthesis of protein & ribonucleic acid or RNA occurs • mitochondria increases in number

Answer 35

G¹ Phase

Question 36

Period of where : • DNA are synthesized thus replicating the chromosomes in preparation for the next cell division.

Answer 36

S phase

Question 37

Period of where : • cell grows rapidly • cell prepares for the ACTUAL cell division

Answer 37

G² Phase

Question 38

• a type of cell division which occurs on body cells or somatic cells • results in identical daughter cells

Answer 38

Mitosis

Question 39

• chromatins condense into chromosomes & become visible • the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope disintegrates • centrioles duplicate & start producing spindle fibers

Answer 39

Prophase

Question 40

• spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes • alignment of chromosomes at the middle of the cell

Answer 40

Metaphase

Question 41

• spindle fibers start to shorten • separation of chromosomes to chromatids, moving to the opposite poles of the cell

Answer 41

Anaphase

Question 42

• chromatids reach the opposite poles of the cell & become chromatins • nuclear membrane reintegrates • formation of the cleavage furrow

Answer 42

Telophase

Question 43

• the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into 2 daughter cells

Answer 43

Cytokinesis

Question 44

• a type of cell division which occurs on sex cells or gametes ( sperm cells in males, egg in females ) • results in genetically unique daughter cells

Answer 44

Meiosis

Question 45

Pairing of homologous chromosomes is called?

Answer 45

Synapsis

Question 46

Exchanging of genetic material between homologous chromosomes is called?

Answer 46

Crossing-over