Digestive System GIT - Ruminants

Question 1

Where is the oesophagus located?

Answer 1

begins at the pharynx, descends dorsal to trachea to the middle of the neck

Question 2

in the midneck, where does the oesophagus lie?

Answer 2

lies on the left dorsolateral aspect of the trachea, then regaining a median position above the trachea

Question 3

after the midneck, where is the oesophagus located?

Answer 3

it continues beyond the tracheal bifurcation then passes over the heart before penetrating the oesophageal hiatus

Question 4

what are the primary locations for oesophageal foreign body?

Answer 4

the cervical region, thoracic inlet, base of the heart, hiatus of the diaphragm and cardia of the rumen

Question 5

antiperistalsis?

Answer 5

reversed peristalsis

Question 6

what is the tunica muscularis of the oesophagus capable of?

Answer 6

capable of reversed peristalsis

Question 7

the tunica muscularis (of oesophagus) is entirely … muscle in ruminant and dog?

Answer 7

skeletal

Question 8

the tunica muscularis (of oesophagus) is entirely … muscle in human and chicken?

Answer 8

smooth muscle

Question 9

what type of muscle is the tunica muscularis (in the oesophagus) for horse and cat?

Answer 9

it is smooth muscle for the distal third but the rest is skeletal muscle

Question 10

what makes up the forestomach of ruminants?

Answer 10

rumen (reticulum), omasum, abomasum (glandular)

Question 11

proventriculi?

Answer 11

forestomach

Question 12

what kind of fermenters are ruminants?

Answer 12

foregut

Question 13

size of reticulum compared to the ruminoreticular compartment?

Answer 13

small

Question 14

what does the reticulum serve as?

Answer 14

serves as a pump that allows liquid to flow into and out of the rumen

Question 15

where are the rumen and reticulum located?

Answer 15

they occupy the entire left part of the abdominal cavity, extending from the diaphragm at about 7th rib to pelvis

Question 16

where does the reticulum lie?

Answer 16

medial to the 6th to 8th ribs on the left side with the cranial wall at about the level of the elbow

Question 17

what is the rumen divided into?

Answer 17

it is partially divided into sacs

Question 18

what is the right surface of the forestomach covered by?

Answer 18

by the lesser omentum

Question 19

where does the omasum lie?

Answer 19

in the lower part of the cranial abdomen between reticulum and abomasum
the cranial rumen is to the left and the liver on the right

Question 20

where does the abomasum lie?

Answer 20

largely on the abdominal floor at about the midline

Question 21

what does the abomasum have? which portions have this?

Answer 21

fundus, the body and pyloric portion

Question 22

inside the forestomach, explain the grooves?

Answer 22

the grooves correspond with thickened smooth muscle pillars

Question 23

what do ruminal pillars divide? what other name do they have?

Answer 23

they divide the dorsal and ventral ruminal sacs
(longitudinal groove/pillar)

Question 24

what do the coronary pillars divide?

Answer 24

the caudal blind sacs

Question 25

what does the caudal pillar separate?

Answer 25

the blind sacs

Question 26

what does the cranial pillar divide?

Answer 26

the dorsal and cranial sacs

Question 27

what kind of papillae are in the forestomach?

Answer 27

peg like mucosal projections

Question 28

structure of omasum?

Answer 28

it forms leaf-like folds, or foliae

Question 29

folds on the omasum in the forestomach?

Answer 29

increases surface area and allows absorption of VFA's

Question 30

why does the internal part of the forestomach vary?

Answer 30

according to age, diet and location

Question 31

slide 11

Question 32

is the oesophagus-tunica muscularis entirely skeletal in cows and dogs?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

at which location does the oesophagus of the cow enter at?

Answer 33

7th ICS

Question 34

ICS?

Answer 34

ileocolonic sphincter

Question 35

can the gastric groove be mimicked by drugs in older animals?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

does the omasum have the fundus, body and pyloric portion?

Answer 36

no - the abamasum does though

Question 37

reticulum?

Answer 37

distinctive pattern formed by ridges that outlines 4-5 sided cells

Question 38

which compartment of the stomach is covered with the lesser omentum?

Answer 38

omasum

Question 39

which compartment of the stomach is largest at birth?

Answer 39

abomasum

Question 40

what is not a function of the omentum?

Answer 40

digestive

Question 41

can the omentum adhere to adjustant structures, which are used in abdominal surgery to seal tissue?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

do omental sheets ec,se the sace named the epiploic foramen

Question 43

which part of the large colon is modified?

Answer 43

ascending

Question 44

which cranial nerve controls the contractions of the rumen and reticulum?

Answer 44

vagus

Question 45

what kind of fermenters are cows?

Answer 45

foregut

Question 46

what is the function of the enteric nervous system?

Answer 46

interacts with intestinal microbes interacts with intestinal immiune systems interacts with endocrine systems helps to maintain mucosal defence barrier function