Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Digestive System III > Flashcards

Digestive System III Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Holding reservoir and mixing chamber

Major secretions: mucus, Gastrin, intrinsic factor, acid, pepsinogen, gastric lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pyloric

Histology has the added layers:

Muscularis mucosae: 2 layers

Muscularis externa: 3 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the histological layers of the stomach?

A
  1. Mucosa:
  • simple columnar epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosa
  1. Submucosa
    - no glands
3. Muscularis 
   3 Layers: 
       -inner oblique
       -middle circular
       - outer longitudinal
  1. Serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is what are the gastric pits and gastric glands made up of?

A

The simple columnar epithelium with mucous cells invaginates into the lamina propria to for, gastric pits and gastric glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the specialized cells of the epithelium of the stomach?

A
  • mucous cells
  • parietal cells
  • chief cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
  • regenerative cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give a general overview of the small intestines

A
  • Approximately 3m in length
  • Divided into 3 parts
  • Both retro- and intraperitoneal parts
  • major functions - digestion and absorption, secretion
  • adaptations- microvilli, villi & plicae circularis (circular folds)
  • Lacteals (lymphatic vessels ) are present in the core of the villus- transport of absorbed nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the mucosa of the small intestine

A

Epithelium- simple columnar with goblet cells

Intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)- enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells and M cells

Lamina propria- loose connective tissue and abundant mucosa-ass9ciated lymphoid tissue

Muscularis mucosa- smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the submucosa of the small intestine

A
  • dense connective tissue

- the lymphatic tissue of the lamina propria may extend into the submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the muscularis externa

A

2 layers of smooth muscles:

Outer—> longitudinal muscle

Inner—> circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the serosa of the small intestine

A

The small intestine is covered in serosa except for 2nd, 3rd, 4th part of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the adaptations of the small intest8bes?

A
  1. Circular folds (plicae circulae)-folds of mucosa and submucosa
  2. Villi-finger like projections of the mucosa—> epithelium with a core of lamina propria
  3. Microvilli-x> brush border projection of the apical membrane of the absorptive cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the general characteristics of the duodenum

A

C shaped tube

-25 cm long

Distinguishing characteristics:

  • Appearence of circular folds
  • Opening of hepatopancreatic duct
  • Brunners glands in submucosa—> alkaline secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 basic layers of duodenum?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscular externa
  4. Serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes up the mucosa of the duodenum?

A

Epithelium- simple columnar

Enterocytes
Goblet cells
Paneth cells 
Stem cells
Enteroendocrine cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the submucosa of the duodenum

A

Brunners glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many layers does the muscularis externa of the duodenum have?

A

2 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the serosa of the duodenum

A

1st part intraperitoneal rest is retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the jejunum?

A

Long, branched circular fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the diseases of the jejunum?

A

Celiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the diseasees of the stomach?

A

Peptic ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the ileum?

A
  • Blunted circular folds

- Submucosa: Aggregated lymphoid tissue-Peyer’s patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What valve opens the small intestine into large intestine?

A

Ileocecal valve open the small intestine into the large intestine

23
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A
  • completion of digestion
  • absorption of water, ions, vitamins
  • production of vitamins B & K
  • formation and expulsion of waste

Consists of 4 parts

24
Q

Summarize the characteristics of the ileum

A

Pale pink color

  • 2-3 cm caliber
  • thin and light wall
  • less vascular it’s than jejunum
  • short vasa rectus
  • arcades has many short loops
  • more fat in mesentery than jejunum
  • low and sparse circular folds(plicae circulae); absent in distal parts
  • many lymphoid tissue (peyers patches)
25
Summarize the characteristics of the jejunum
Deep red color Caliber: 2-4 cm Thick and heavy wall Greater vascularity than the ileum Long vasa recta Arcades have a few large loops Less fat in mesentery than the ileum Large, tall, and closely packed circular folds(plicae circulae) Few lymphoid tissues(peyers 0atches)
26
What are the distinguishing characteristics of the large intestines?
Haustra - tenia coli - epicolic appendages - abundance of goblet cells, no villi Appendix- wormlike structure attached to the cecum, containing large amounts of lymphoid tissue
27
What are the diseases of the large intestine?
Appendicitis Diverticula disease
28
What are the layers of the large int3stine?
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa
29
Describe the mucosa of the large intestine
Epithelium- simple columnar with goblet cells Intestinal glands/crypts of lieberkuhn Lymphatic nodules
30
Describe the submucosa of the large intestine
Dense connective tissue.
31
Describe the muscularis of the large intestine
Tenia coli, haustra
32
Describe the serosa of the large intestine
Epiploic appendages
33
Describe the rectum
Taenia coli at rectosigmoid junction become one continuous layer of muscle instead of three discrete bands. Rectum is between rectosigmoidd junction (rectum joins large intestine) and pectinate(dentate) line - dentate line is where endoderm meets ectoderm)
34
What are the features of the rectum/anal canal?
Rectum- transverse rectal folds Anal canal- anal columns Epithelium- simple columnar to stratified squamous Highly vascularized Internal anal sphincter- smooth muscle External anal sphincter - skeletal muscle
35
What are the diseases of the rectum/anal canal?
Colorectal cancer Hemorrhoids
36
Describe the liver
Location-right upper quadrant Second largest organ -intraperitoneal organ 4 lobes
37
What are the functions of the liver?
Endocrine/exocrine organ, detoxification, storage, lypolysis
38
Describe the architecture of the liver
Lobule- the functional unit of the liver Hepatocytes are arranged in stacked rows Sinusoids- large endothelium lined spaces containing blood Portal triad- hepatic artery, bile duct, portal vein
39
What diseases aff3ct the liver?
Hepatitis
40
Describe the histology of the liver
Hepatocytes-cuboidal with central nuclei Mono-or binucldated Glycogen stores-pale staining Spaces between cells
41
Describe the biliary tree
The biliary tree is the pathway for the flow of bile after its secretion from the hepatocytes Heoatocytes—>. Bile canaculi—>bile ductules—> bile duct—>right and left hepatic ducts—> cystic ducts—> common bile duct—> hepatopancreatic ampulla
42
What disease affects the biliary tree?
Jaundice
43
Describe the gall bladder
Pear shaped organ, volume of 30-50 mls Simple columnar epithelium Stores and concentrate bile Smooth muscle contracts under the influence of CCK
44
Can gall stones be asymptomatic?
Can be asymptomatic (common in fat, fertile, female of forty); or it may produce colic or acute cholecystitis
45
What causes biliary colic?
Usually caused by spasm of the smooth muscle of the gall bladder in an attempt to expel the gall stones
46
What is Acute cholecystitis?
Pain in the right upper quadrant—> may cause subdiaphragmatic parietal peritoneum irritation, which is supplied by the phrenic nerves (refferred pain -x> right shoulder)
47
What can cause of obstruction biliary tree?
Obstruction of biliary tree by gall stone or compression by pancreatic growth —> obstructive jaundice. Impaction of stone in the ampulla can cause passage of infected bile into the pancreatic duct leading to pancreatitis
48
What are the sources of blood for the liver?
1. Hepatic artery-oxygenated 2. Hepatic portal veins- dexugenated, nutrient rich The portal veins collects venous blood with products of digestion from the abdominal parts of the GIT, gallbladder, spleen & pancreas
49
What is the portal system?
Capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins
50
What disease affects the portal system?
Alcoholic liver disease
51
Describe the pancreas
- retroperitoneal gland - division: head, body, tail, uncinate process - Endocrine/exocrine gland - secretes - pancreatic digestive juices, glycogen, insulin, etc - pancreatic duct joins with CBD—> hepatopancreatic ampulla(HPA) , aka Ampulla of vaster of duodenum
52
Give the functions of pancreas as an exocrine gland
Pancreatic digestive juices cells in clusters called acini Pancreatic amylase, trypsin, elastase
53
Give the functions of pancreas as an endocrine gland
Endocrine pancreas secretes: insulin, glucogan, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide Islets of langerhans

Anatomy (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions