digestive system part one

Question 1

what are the 7 main organs involved with the GI tract process?

Answer 1

mouth (oral cavity)
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
small intestine
large intestine anus

Question 2

What are the 6 accessory structures that help digestion?

Answer 2

Tongue
Salivary gland
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
spleen

Question 3

What is ingestion?

Answer 3

selective intake of food and drink

Question 4

What is propulsion?

Answer 4

moving food along the digestive tract from one part to the next

Question 5

What are some different types of secretion?

Answer 5

water, HCL, salts, buffers, digestive enzymes

Question 6

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 6

the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces

Question 7

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 7

the breakdown of food by digestive enzymes and acids

Question 8

If carbohydrates are broken down they become…

Answer 8

sugars

Question 9

if proteins are broken down they become…

Answer 9

amino acids

Question 10

if fats are broken down they become…

Answer 10

fatty acids

Question 11

If nucleic acids are broken down they become..

Answer 11

nucleotides

Question 12

What are the four tissue layers which make up the Alimentary canal?

Answer 12

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. serosa/ adventitia

Question 13

what is mucosa and its function?

Answer 13

• innermost layer of the GI epithelium
• surrounds the lumen
• secretes mucus/ digestive enzymes/ hormones
• absorbs the end products of digestion to blood
• protect against infectious disease

Question 14

what is submucosa and its function?

Answer 14

• aveolar connective tissue layer
• highly vascular: contains blood vessels
• contains most of GI nerves
• attaches the mucosa layer to muscularis layer

Question 15

what is the structure and function of the muscularis?

Answer 15

• consists generally of two layers : inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer
• the contraction of the muscularis moves food along the digestive tract

Question 16

What is the serosa and what is its function?

Answer 16

• it is the outermost tissue layer
• attaches the organ to surrounding structures
• secretes serous fluid which reduces friction as it moves over other structures

Question 17

what type of epithelium tissue lines the mouth, pharynx and oesophagus?and why?

Answer 17

thick stratified squamous epithelium

to resists abrasion

Question 18

What is type of muscle id the tongue composed of?

Answer 18

skeletal muscle

Question 19

the pharynx connects the ……. to the……..and the…….

Answer 19

• mouth

- oesophagus and trachea

Question 20

Degluition is ….

Answer 20

swallowing

Question 21

mastication is ….

Answer 21

chewing

Question 22

small intrinsic glands found under mucous membrane of mouth, lips. cheeks and tongue are called…..

Answer 22

saliva glands

Question 23

functions of saliva

Answer 23

moistens to aid swallowing
cleanses teeth
binds food together into bolus
neutralizes acidic foods
dissolves foods

Question 24

what is bolus:

Answer 24

a soft slippery easily swallowed mass

Question 25

what are the four regions of the stomach?

Answer 25

1. cardia 2. fundus 3. body 4. pylorus

Question 26

what does the stomach secretion Hydrochloric Acid do?

Answer 26

- breaks up connective tissue and plant cell walls - liquifies food to form chyme - converts ingested ferric ions (fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+)

Question 27

What is pepsinogen? what does it do?

Answer 27

the inactive form of pepsin - requires HCL for activation - splits proteins into poly peptides and peptides

Question 28

What does the stomach secretion Lipase do?

Answer 28

it is an enzyme that starts the breakdown of fats (lipids) into fatty acids and Glycerol

Question 29

what does Rennin do?

Answer 29

coagulates milk

Question 30

What is Intrinsic factor essential for?

Answer 30

the absorption of B12 by small intestine.