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a215 - block four > digestive system two > Flashcards

digestive system two Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the esophagus?

A

propel food to the stomach from the pharynx

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2
Q

what is the gross anatomy of the esophagus?

A

muscular tube that connects pharynx to stomach

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3
Q

what type of mucosa does the esophagus have?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

what makes up the upper 1/3 of the esophagus’s muscularis?

A

skeletal muscle

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5
Q

what makes up the middle 1/3 of the esophagus’s muscularis?

A

skeletal and smooth muscle

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6
Q

what makes up the lower 1/3 of the esophagus’s muscularis?

A

smooth muscle only

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7
Q

what is the function of the stomach?

A

churns food (mechanical digestion) and mixes it with gastric juice (chemical digestion) to break it down into chyme

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8
Q

food and gastric juice mixed together

A

chyme

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9
Q
  • connects to esophagus and duodenum
  • located in the upper left part of the abdomen
  • parts: cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
A

gross anatomy of the stomach

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10
Q

what type of mucosa does the stomach have?

A

simple columnar epithelium

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11
Q

how many layers of muscle is the esophagus’s muscularis?

A

two

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12
Q

what are located in the mucosa of the stomach?

A

gastric pits and glands

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13
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle are in the muscularis of the stomach?

A

three

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14
Q

what are the three layers of the stomach’s muscularis?

A

innermost oblique, inner circular, outer longitudinal layers

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15
Q

why does the stomach’s muscularis have three layers?

A

for churning and blending of the food bolus

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16
Q

what is the function of the small intestine?

A

finishes the chemical digestion process
- absorbs most (90%) of all nutrients

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17
Q

what are the three specific segments of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

18
Q

1st part, C-shaped
- receives chyme from stomach
- receives bile and pancreatic enzymes from liver and pancreas through duodenal papilla

A

duodenum

19
Q

2nd part
- 2/5 of remaining small intestine
- huge surface area

A

jejunum

20
Q

3rd part
- last 3/5 of small intestine
- connects to cecum of large intestine
- few folds but also MALT

A

ileum

21
Q

what type of mucosa does the small intestine have?

A

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

22
Q

what do the circular folds of the small intestine consist of?

A

mucosa and submucosa

23
Q
  • increase surface area so nutrients can be absorbed
  • slow down chyme and allow it to mix with intestinal juices, allowing time for full nutrient absorption
A

function of circular folds

24
Q

villi are only found on circular folds of what?

A

mucosa

25
Q
  • help increase surface area (along with microvillous border on the mucosa) and provide great distance for materials to be ingested and absorbed
A

function of villi

26
Q

what is located in the center of each villus?

A

blood vessels and lacteal

27
Q

transports dietary fats and lipids; type of lymphatic capillary

A

lacteal

28
Q

what are the functions of the large intestine?

A
  • absorption of water and electrolytes
  • storage of undigested material (feces) until it can be expelled
29
Q

what is the order of the segments of the large intestine?

A

cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

30
Q

connects to ileum

A

cecum

31
Q

attaches to cecum

A

vermiform appendix

32
Q

specific segment of the large intestine on the right side of body

A

ascending colon

33
Q

runs from right to left side of the body

A

transverse colon

34
Q

left side of body

A

descending colon

35
Q

in pelvic cavtiy, s-shaped

A

sigmoid colon

36
Q

terminal portion of large intestine

A

rectum and anal canal

37
Q

feces leaves through this after going through anal canal

A

anus

38
Q

what type of mucosa does the large intestine have?

A

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

39
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle does the large intestine’s muscularis have?

A

two

40
Q

what does the outer layer of the large intestine’s muscularis consist of?

A

teniae coli

41
Q

what does the muscularis of the large intestine form?

A

haustra

a215 - block four (10 decks)

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