Digestive Tract Physiology

Question 1

It includes horses, rabbit, guinea pig, zebra, elephant and hippopotamus.

Answer 1

Non-Ruminant Herbivores

Question 2

Give the three groups of Non-ruminant Herbivores.

Answer 2

foregut fermenters, colon fermenters and cecal fermenters

Question 3

What allows the cattle to harvest and chew a large amount of fibrous
feeds?

Answer 3

gap between the incisors of molars

Question 4

primarily for grinding

Answer 4

teeth

Question 5

used to gather and grasp grasses

Answer 5

tongue

Question 6

What keep rumen at a proper neutral pH for good bacterial growth?

Answer 6

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 7

A fermentation vat that contains an immense microbial population of bacteria (protozoa, fungi and yeast) that ferment the ingested feeds.

Answer 7

Rumen

Question 8

Traps foreign materials such as nails, wire and stones, which accumulate in this compartment that eventually punctures the
small intestine

Answer 8

Reticulum

Question 9

administered orally to trap and hold metallic objects for preventive measures/treatment

Question 10

Also known fermentation end products

Answer 10

VFAs (acetic, butyric, and propionic acids)

Question 11

produces large quantities of gasses mainly carbon dioxide
and methane

Answer 11

Rumen

Question 12

Large quantities of gasses mainly carbon dioxide and methane are removed in what process?

Answer 12

Eructation

Question 13

What happens to a cow if it fails to eructate?

Answer 13

Bloat(s)

Question 14

Give reasons why a ruminant fails to eructate.

Answer 14

a. rapid change in feed
b. overeating of grains (gaseous bloat)
c. grazing on pastures on pure stands of clover of alfalfa (frothy bloat)

Question 15

known as “chewing the cud”

Answer 15

Rumination

Question 16

Regulates flow of ingested by acting as a sieve or filter thru its
membranous leaves.

Answer 16

Omasum

Question 17

In order to pass thru the omasal leaves thereby promoting maximum fermentation efficiency the ingested feed must be?

Answer 17

thoroughly degraded to smaller particles

Question 18

Where do the ingested feeds pass for fermentation efficiency?

Answer 18

Omasal leaves

Question 19

Site of secretion of gastric juices such as HCl and proteolytic enzymes.

Answer 19

Abomasum

Question 20

Acidity in this compartment allows digestion of microbial protein, which serves as the major source of amino acids for ruminants.

Answer 20

Abomasum

Question 21

Cellulose is a major constituent of plant fiber. During fermentation in the Rumen, what enzyme degrades cellulose?

Answer 21

Cellulase

Question 22

Through (…….) ruminants can utilize roughages, forages and other fibrous feeds.

Answer 22

Fermentation

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE.

Ruminants cannot be fed poor quality proteins because it can’t be upgraded by rumen fermentation.

Answer 23

False. Ruminants can be fed poor quality proteins because they are upgraded by rumen fermentation to microbial protein.

Question 24

What vitamin is synthesized when the animal is exposed to
sunlight?

Answer 24

Vitamin D

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE. Rumen microbes can also synthesize vitamins.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

Give the three processes important in digestion.

Answer 26

mechanical, chemical, microbial

Question 27

It includes swine, poultry, dogs, cats, rats, and humans which have pouch-like monogastric animals.

Answer 27

Simple Non-Ruminants

Question 28

It is secreted into the stomach that kills most of the bacteria ingested with feed.

Answer 28

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)

Question 29

When starch is hydrolyzed by the enzyme amylase, what are the two products of digestion?

Answer 29

Maltose and Glucose

Question 30

What enzyme hydrolyzes Lipids?

Answer 30

Lipase

Question 31

What is the enzyme that coagulates milk proteins?

Answer 31

Rennin

Question 32

This part of the digestive system of a simple non-ruminant serves as a major source of digestive enzymes.

Answer 32

Pancreas

Question 33

Stores ingested feed and meters ingesta into small intestine in amounts that intestinal digestion can accomodate.

Question 34

The bacterial growth in hindgut results in synthesis of what vitamin?

Answer 34

B-complex

Question 35

In the avian digestive system, the muscular part performs functions of the mammalian teeth.

Answer 35

Gizzard

Question 36

The part of the stomach where Hardware Disease occurs.

Answer 36

Reticulum