digestive & Urinary

Question 1

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 1

Nephron

Function is to remove waste from the blood

Question 2

What 2 structures make up the renal corpuscles?

Answer 2

Bowman’ capsule

Glomerulus

Question 3

What artery is the blood supply to the kidneys?

Answer 3

Renal artery

Question 4

Distinguish between female and male urethra

Answer 4

Females are shorter=4 cm

Males are longer =20 cm

Question 5

What is the glomerulus in the kidney?

Answer 5

A tuft of capillaries enclosed by the glomerular capsule. It filters blood as it goes (arterioles in a corpuscle)

Question 6

What is the blood supply to the liver?

Answer 6

Proper hepatic artery?

Question 7

What is the digestive function of the liver?

Answer 7

To produce bile, which is a substance that emulsified fats

Question 8

What is the blood supply to the pancreas?

Answer 8

Branches from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

Question 9

What is cisterns chyli?

Answer 9

An expanded chamber that collects lymph from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs.
Is continuous with the thoracic duct

Question 10

What is the function of the thoracic duct?

Answer 10

Carries lymph and enters the circulatory system then empties the lymph into the junction of the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

Question 11

The spleen functions as what 2 systems?

Answer 11

Lymphatic and blood circulatory systems

Question 12

What does retroperitoneally mean?

Answer 12

Located posterior to the parietal peritoneum

Kidneys

Question 13

What type of tissue lines the luminal surface of the esophagus?

Answer 13

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

What is the function of plicae circulares in the small intestine?

Answer 14

Increased surface area of intestinal wall

Question 15

Accessory structures of digestion

Answer 15

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Salivary glands

Question 16

What lympathetic structure helps absorb fats and is found in the villi of small intestines?

Answer 16

Lacteals

Question 17

The portion of the stomach beneath inferior to the diaphragm is called

Answer 17

Fundus

Question 18

Function of pancreas

Answer 18

Production of enzymes that break lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules that can be absorbed

Question 19

How does the duodenum protect itself from the acids coming from the stomach and the enzymes and other secretions coming in from the liver and pancreas?

Answer 19

With submucosal duodenal glands

Question 20

Mesenteries

Answer 20

Fused double sheets of peritoneal membrane in the abdomen

Question 21

What muscle is the internal anal sphincter derived?

Answer 21

Smooth muscle of the rectum

Question 22

Taenia Coli

Answer 22

The longitudinal muscle layer reduced to 3 bands found along the length of the large intestine

Question 23

Functions of the kidney

Answer 23

Regulating concentrations of electrolytes
Regulating blood volume and pressure
Stabilizing blood pH
Filtering soluble wastes from body

Question 24

What type of tissue lines the small intestines of the digestive tract?

Answer 24

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 25

Which 2 salivary glands share a common cranial nerve innervation?

Answer 25

Submandibular and sublingual

Question 26

Esophagus

Answer 26

Muscular tube connecting pharynx to stomach. Stratified squamous epithelium Mucosa in folds to allow for expansion Mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle Ends at esophageal hiatus as esophagus passes through diaphragm

Question 27

Stomach

Answer 27

A chamber for bulk storage of food | Beginning of chemical digestion of acids and enzymes

Question 28

Inner surface of the stomach is covered with folds of tissue called....

Answer 28

Rivas

Question 29

The portion of the stomach beneath the diaphragm

Answer 29

Fundus

Question 30

Distal end of the stomach

Answer 30

Pyloric region ending with the pyloric sphincter

Question 31

Small intestine

Answer 31

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 32

Large intestine

Answer 32

``` Cecum Ascending Colin Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon ```

Question 33

Rough folded surface of the small intestine that increase the surface area of the intestinal wall

Answer 33

Plicae circulares

Question 34

Epithelium lining of small intestine

Answer 34

Simple columnar | Goblet cells

Question 35

Ileum

Answer 35

Plicae and villi become smaller and sparser Progressively less absorption occurs Lymphoid nodules- peyer's patches protect from migration of large intestine bacteria Ends in ileocecal valve

Question 36

Largest visceral organ in body | Receives blood from digestive tract before it reaches systemic circulation

Answer 36

Liver

Question 37

Blood supply of abdominal organs | Unpaired

Answer 37

``` Celiac trunk Left gastric artery Splenic artery Common hepatic artery Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery ```

Question 38

Blood supply of abdominal organs | Paired branches

Answer 38

Suprarenal aa Renal aa Testicular/ovarian aa

Question 39

3 functions of liver

Answer 39

Metabolic regulation Regulation of blood Synthesis of vile

Question 40

Pancreas

Answer 40

Major producer of digestive enzymes