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SU14 - Radiology Exam 2 > digital imaging > Flashcards

digital imaging Flashcards

1
Q

digitization

A

to represent a particular object in form of numerical digits

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2
Q

digital image

A

radiographic image represented in a digital format

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3
Q

direct digital imaging

A

radiographic images obtained by xray exposure of solid state image detectors

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4
Q

2 types of direct digital imaging

A

charge coupled device (CCD)

complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

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5
Q

pixel

A

picture element (2 dimensional structure that makes up a voxel)

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6
Q

voxel

A

3 dimensional structure

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7
Q

advantages of CCD

A

instant availability of images
better image quality
durable
consistent image quality

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8
Q

disadvantages of CCD (4)

A

expensive
bulky
wire attachment
smaller active area compared to film

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9
Q

advantages of CMOS (5)

A 
instant availability of image
durable
consistent image quality
less expensive than CCD
slightly more rugged than CCD
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10
Q

disadvantages of CMOS

A

expensive
bulky
wire attachment
smaller active area compared to film

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11
Q

indirect digital imaging

A

radiographic images obtained by exposing a digital image detector and scanning or digital photo capture of film radiographs

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12
Q

3 types of indirect digital imaging

A

photostimulable storage phosphor plate (PSP)
scanning a film
taking digital photos of film

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13
Q

which type of indirect digital imaging is best for pediatric dentistry?

A

PSP

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14
Q

phosphor

A

europium doped barium fluorohalide (BaFBr:Eu)

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15
Q

which layer absorbs xray photon?

A

phosphor layer

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16
Q

the number of electrons stored is proportional to

A

xray photons

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17
Q

advantages of PSP

A

well tolerated

economically priced

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18
Q

disadvantages of PSP (5)

A 
short life span
read out should be done ASAP
requires processing
semi-dark room is required
requires exposure to bright light for erasing previous image before reuse
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19
Q

contrast resolution

A

ability to distinguish different densities in radiographic image

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20
Q

8 bit equals how many densities

21
Q

16 bits equal how many densities

22
Q

human eye is capable of distinguishing ____ gray levels

23
Q

less than ____ gray levels are distinguishable in dental office

24
Q

spatial resolution

A

ability to identify 2 objects placed very close to each other

25
d speed film: more than ___ line pairs/mm digital image: __-___ line pairs/mm normal untrained eye: __-__ line pairs/mm
20 7-24 4-6
26
detector latitude
ability of an image detector to capture a range of xray exposures of tissue densities ranging from gingiva to enamel
27
what is useful range of detector latitude?
0.5-2.5
28
detector sensitivity
ability of detector to respond to a smaller amount of radiation
29
monitor consists of what 3 things
display device circuitry enclosure
30
what is part of the display device
cathode ray tube thin film transistor organic light emitting diode
31
image processing
an operation that acts to improve, restore, analyze or change a digital image
32
what does image processing improve?
diagnostic accuracy | diagnosis
33
image analysis
designed to extract important info from an image
34
tools for measurement
digital rulers densitometers trabecular bone pattern (osteopenia and osteoporosis)
35
advantages of digital imaging
``` instant images lower radiation dose consistent quality high signal/noise ratio image manipulation digital subtraction radiography ```
36
disadvantages of digital imaging
relatively lower resolution than film quality depends on monitor and printer higher initial cost
37
DICOM
digital imaging and communication in medicine
38
why DICOM
Portability Integrity Efficiency
39
spatial resolution (CCD, Film, CMOS, PSP) ranking
Film CCD, CMOS PSP
40
exposure latitude ranking
PSP CCD, CMOS Film
41
receptor dimensions ranking
CCD, CMOS | PSP, Film
42
time required for image acquisition ranking
PSP, Film | CCD, CMOS
43
image quality is...
subjective
44
image adjustment/processing is...
equal
45
cost
high initial cost of digital systems
46
reliability
digital systems are more susceptible to problems
47
image storage and retrieval
back up is critical for digital systems
48
transmission of images ranking
PSP, CCD, CMOS | Film

SU14 - Radiology Exam 2 (5 decks)

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