dinoflagellates Flashcards
are dinoflagellates phototrophic, heterotrophic, or mixotrophic
mixotrophic - are phytoflagellates - sometimes like plants sometimes like animals
describe the flagella of dinoflagellates
bi flagellate
dinoflagellates are the evolutionary product of what endosymbiosis
tertiary endosymbiosis
what are the 2 types of dinoflagellates
- naked
- armored - they make thecal plates
describe the structure of dinoflagellates
- thecal plates in armored ones
- epitheca = top half
- hypotheca = lower half
- two flagella - one is in the singulum, and one comes out of the sulcus groove
what is the middle groove in dinoflagellates called
the cingulum
in dinoflagellates what is the name of the groove from where the transverse flagella comes out
sulcus
describe the nucleus of dinoflagellates
chromosomes are always condensed - known as dinokaryon
what are trichocysts in dinoflagellates
are crystalline rod projectiles on outer perimeter. are used as defensive weapon in response to an environmental stressor often a predator
what is the dinoflagellate response to stress
have trichocysts which are crystalline rods that are released
describe nematocysts in dinoflagellates
these are coiled larger projectiles (look like strings coming out of them) - these may have involvement in prey capture
What are mucocysts in dinoflagellates
can produce a mucus cyst in response to environmental stressors
what are 3 characersitics of dinoflagellates
- they have mucocysts
- have nematocysts
- have trichocysts
describe the eye in marine and freshwater dinoflagellates
marine have more of a true eye called an oculus and freshwater have eyespots
do dinoflagellates do phagotrophy
yes - they have a phagopod/peduncle that can extend and allow for uptake (looks like a string extending) or they can use a palliium/veil like appendage that expands out into a net to wrap around prey (makes it look like fish bones)
