Diploma Prep: Endocrine System

Question 1

What is a steroid hormone, what is it made of?

Answer 1

Hormone diffuses into target cell, cholestrol

Question 2

What is a protein hormone?

Answer 2

hormone which attaches to receptors on the outside of the cell membrane, promotes the formation of Cyclic AMP (CAMP)

Question 3

What is a negative feedback loop? Give an example

Answer 3

Reaction that causes a decrease in action, calcitonin, pth, insulin/glucagon,

Question 4

What is a positive feedback loop? Give an example

Answer 4

Reaction that causes am increase in action, FSH/LH, oxytocin (increasing strength/frequency of contractions)

Question 5

What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 5

gh, msh, acth, tsh, fsh, lh, prolactin

Question 6

What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 6

adh, oxytocin,

Question 7

What does the thymus secrete?

Answer 7

thymosin

Question 8

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 8

insulin, glucagon

Question 9

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 9

cortisol,

Question 10

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 10

epinepherine, norepinepherine

Question 11

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 11

progesterone

Question 12

What do the testes secrete?

Answer 12

testosterone

Question 13

What do the seritoli cells secrete?

Answer 13

inhibin

Question 14

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 14

thyroxine

Question 15

What does thyroxine do?

Answer 15

controls metabolism,

Question 16

What are some bad things that happen to the thyroid gland?

Answer 16

hypo/hyperthyroidism / goitre

Question 17

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 17

lowers calcium levels, bones absorb, kidneys secrete it, digestive system absorbs less

Question 18

What does the parathyroid hormone do?

Answer 18

increases blood calcium levels, bone releases calcium, kidneys reabsorb calcium, digestive system absorbs calcium

Question 19

What cells make insulin?

Answer 19

beta cells

Question 20

What cells make glucagon?

Answer 20

alpha cells

Question 21

What is diabetes mellitus type 1, how is it treated?

Answer 21

Beta cells are destroyed so no insulin is produced, insulin injections

Question 22

What is diabetes mellitus type 2?

Answer 22

deficiency in insulin receptors on cell membrane, diet and exercise

Question 23

What are symptoms of diabetes?

Answer 23

thirsty, fatigue, sugary urine,

Question 24

How is the adrenal medulla stimulated?

Answer 24

sympathetic nervous system impulse

Question 25

What are the two components of the adrenal gland?

Answer 25

adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex

Question 26

What are secreted from the adrenal cortex?

Answer 26

mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 27

What is the main mineralcorticoid, what does it do/responsible for?

Answer 27

aldosterone, inceases sodium reabsorbtion

Question 28

What is the main glucocorticoid, what does it do/responsible for?

Answer 28

cortisol, promotes use of fats and amino acids for energy instead of gluce, long-term stress

Question 29

What are the two parts of a stress response?

Answer 29

SNS -> adrenal medulla -> epinepherine | anterior pituitary -> adrenal cortex -> cortisol and aldosterone