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Science 30 > Diploma Review > Flashcards

Diploma Review Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Abiotic factor

A

Physical, non-living part of the environment

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2
Q

Absorption spectrum or dark-line spectrum

A

A spectrum that has a pattern of dark lines due to the light passing through an absorbing medium; can used to identify a material

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3
Q

Acid

A

The substance that donates or loses a hydrogen ion to another substance during a chemical reaction

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4
Q

Acid deposition

A

Airborne particles containing acids or acid-forming substances contained within precipitation (wet deposition) or that absorb directly into parts of Earth’s surface (dry deposition)

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5
Q

Acid rain

A

Any form of precipitation (wet deposition) containing an excess amount of dissolved acids; wet deposition with a pH of 5.6 or less

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6
Q

Acquired traits

A

Traits acquired during a person’s lifetime because of experiences, education, and upbringing

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7
Q

Algal bloom

A

A rapid increase in the population of algae

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8
Q

Alkaline

A

Having the properties of a base

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9
Q

Allele

A

An alternative form of a gene responsible for a trait

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10
Q

Alpha particle

A

A positively charged particle consisting of two neutrons and two protons, which is a helium nucleus

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11
Q

Alpha radiation

A

A stream of alpha particles (4/2Helium) emitted from unstable nuclei; one of the three principle types of nuclear radiation

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12
Q

Alternating current (AC)

A

A flow of charges that reverses directions at regular intervals

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13
Q

Amino acid

A

One of the 20 possible building blocks of proteins determined by the genetic code of DNA

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14
Q

Ammeter

A

An instrument that measures the electric current flowing through a component in a circuit

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15
Q

Amniocentesis

A

A prenatal test done to look at the karyotype of an unborn child

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16
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

A life-threatening, severe reaction of the immune system to an antigen that results in severe swelling and may affect the muscles involved in breathing

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17
Q

Aneurysm

A

A widening or bulging of a blood vessel due to a weakening of the vessel wall

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18
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by a narrowing of vessels that supply blood to the heart tissue

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19
Q

Antenna

A

A transmitter or receiver of electromagnetic energy

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20
Q

Anthropogenic

A

Coming from human activity

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21
Q

Antibiotic

A

A drug that fights bacterial infections

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22
Q

Antibody

A

A protein molecule produced by a B-cell designed to bind to a specific antigen to facilitate its destruction

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23
Q

Antigen

A

A complex molecule on the surface of an invading pathogen that triggers an immune response

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24
Q

Antioxidant

A

A substance that prevents the oxidation of another substance; a substance present within the body or other materials that reacts with free radicals to protect important components

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25
Antiseptic
A solution or substance that prevents or inhibits growth of micro-organism
26
Antiviral drug
A type of medication that controls or cures an infection from a virus
27
Aorta
The largest artery in the body; carries oxygen rich blood from theft ventricle of the heart Branches of the aorta form the body's main arteries, delivering oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
28
Aqueous solution
A solution in which water is the solvent
29
Armature
The section of a motor or generator that rotates, consisting of a coil of wire, a rotating shaft, and a commutator
30
Aromatic ring
Another name for benzene ring
31
Arteriole
A small artery that joins a larger artery to a capillary
32
Artery
A thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
33
Asexual reproduction
The production of genetically identical offspring from one individual
34
Astronomy
The science of objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere
35
Atherosclerosis
A hardening of the arteries due to the accumulation of fatty deposits
36
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; determines the identity of an element
37
Atrium
The smaller upper chamber that receives blood returning to the heart
38
Autoimmune disease
A disorder in which the immune system produces antibodies against the body's own cells
39
Autosomal cell
A cell of the body not involved in sexual reproduction
40
Autosomal inheritance
Traits controlled by genes found on the 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes
41
B-cell
A type of white blood cell that produces antibody molecules when stimulated by helper T-cells
42
Bacteria
Microscopic, single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; reproduction is chiefly by cell division to produce identical daughter cells
43
Base
The substance that accepts or gains a hydrogen ion from another substance during a chemical reaction
44
Base pair
The two nucleotides connected on opposite sides of complementary strands of the DNA molecule A - T G - C
45
Beaming
The communication of data between wireless devices using a beam of infrared light
46
Benzene ring
The hexagonal-ring-shaped chemical structure formed by the six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms or other atoms
47
Beta decay
A spontaneous change in which an unstable nucleus emits beta radiation Electron in products
48
Beta particle
A high-speed electron emitted from an unstable nucleus; the result of the change of a neutron to a proton during a nuclear reaction
49
Beta radiation
A stream of beta particles emitted from unstable nuclei; one of three principle types of nuclear radiation
50
Bias
A preference for one particle point of view that interferes with neutral or objective decision making
51
Biconcave
The shape of red blood cells where cells are flat but dip inwards on the centre on top and bottom
52
Biochemical (biological) oxygen demand (BOD)
A measure of the amount of oxygen required for the decomposition of matter
53
Biodegradable
Ability to be broken down by natural mechanisms
54
Biodiversity
The variety of life in all its forms, including the genetic diversity and numbers and types of organisms within an ecosystem
55
Biofuel
A fuel produced from renewable biological resources, including biomass
56
Biogeochemical cycle
A diagram representing the movement of elements and compounds between living and non-living components of an ecosystem
57
Biomagnification
The tendency of a pollutant to appear at higher concentrations at higher levels in a food chain
58
Biomass
Plant matter or agricultural waste from recently living sources used as a fuel or as an energy source
59
Bioplastic
An organic polymer produced by plants or bacteria that can be used in place of synthetic polymers to form materials
60
Biotic factor
A living organism in the environment
61
Bioweapons
Genetically modified disease-causing organisms designed to infect people and either make them sick or kill them
62
Black hole
An area in space with a gravitational field so strong that neither matter nor EMR can escape; formed as the last stage of high-mass stars
63
Blood clot
A jelly-like solid mass consisting mainly of red blood cells trapped in a net of fibrin fibres
64
Blood pressure
The pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels such as arteries
65
Blue shift
An increase in frequency due to a source of EMR moving toward an observer, due to the Doppler effect
66
Broad-spectrum pesticide
A chemical substance that can control the population of a large variety of organisms
67
Brush
A stationary part of a motor or generator that makes electrical contact with the rotating commutator
68
Buffering
A chemical reaction to minimize a change to the hydronium-ion concentration in soil or water
69
Buffering capacity
The relative ability of a substance to resist change to its pH despite the addition of an acid or base
70
Calorimeter
A device that measures energy changes
71
CANDU
Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor; a nuclear reactor technology developed in Canada Uses nuclear fission
72
Capillary
A tiny blood vessel that connects the smallest branch of an artery to the smallest branch of a vein Delivers nutrients to the cell and removes waste
73
Capillary bed
A network of capillaries in a particular area or organ of the body
74
Carbon economy
An economy that depends on fossil fuels as the primary source of energy, resulting in excessive emissions of carbon dioxide
75
Carbonyl functional group
The functional group formed by the joining of an oxygen atom to a carbon atom by a double bond

Science 30 (9 decks)

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