Diptera of Economic Importance

Question 1

Nematocera members

Answer 1

Simuliidae
Ceratopogonidae
Psychodidae
Culicidae

Question 2

Simuliidae

Answer 2

Black flies
Blood-feeding females. Aquatic larvae.
Onchocerciasis

Question 3

Ceratopogonidae

Answer 3

Biting midges
Blood-feeding adults. Painful bite.
Vectors of many diseases

Question 4

Psychodidae

Answer 4

Sand flies

Blood-feeding females. Phelbotomine sandflies are serious vectors of leishmaniasis

Question 5

Culicidae

Answer 5

Mosquitoes

Blood-feeding females. Aquatic larvae. Vectors of malaria, yellow fever, dengue, encephalitis, filariasis

Question 6

Simulium posticatum

Answer 6

Blanford fly

Nuisance in parts of England

Question 7

Culicoides impunctatus

Answer 7

The HIghland Midge

Question 8

Blue Tongue Virus

Answer 8

Orbivirus sp.
All ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats and camelids
First described in South Africa reached Europe in 1999, UK in 2007
Cattle are reservoir hosts, sheep most affected (up to 70% mortality)
Spread by the biting midge Culicoides imicola

Question 9

3 main forms of leishmaniasis

Answer 9

Visceral/Kala-azar
Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous

Question 10

Culicine Eggs

Answer 10

Laid singly or in rafts

Question 11

Anopheline Eggs

Answer 11

Laid singly and possess floats

Question 12

Anopheline Larvae

Answer 12

No siphon. Lie parallel to surface.

Abdominal palmate hairs and tergalplates. Surface feeder

Question 13

Culicine Larvae

Answer 13

Short/long respiratory siphon

No palmate hairs/tergal plates

Question 14

Anopheline Pupae

Answer 14

Breathing trumpets short and broad.

Abdominal spines on segments 2-7, 3-7

Question 15

Culicine Pupae

Answer 15

Breathing trumpets narrower and more cylindrical. No spines

Question 16

Anopheline Adults

Answer 16

Rest at angle. Dark and pale scales on wing veins arranged in blocks.
Female palps as long as proboscis.
Males with palps clubbed at ends

Question 17

Culicine Adults

Answer 17

Rest parallel. Scales not arranged in blocks.
Female palps much shorter than proboscis.
Male palps as long as proboscis, but never clubbed

Question 18

Types of Mosquito Control

Answer 18

Chemical
Physical
Genetic
Biological

Question 19

Chemical Mosquito Control`

Answer 19

– Larvicides such as oils, IGRs (methoprene).
– Various chemicals used against adults.
– Residual house spraying, impregnated sleeping nets

Question 20

Physical Mosquito Control

Answer 20

– Eradication of breeding sites.

– Personal protection against adults (screens & nets)

Question 21

Genetic Mosquito Control

Answer 21

Chemosterilised males

Question 22

Biological Mosquito Control

Answer 22

– Larvivorous fish (e.g.Gambusia) or aquatic insect larvae (e.g. Toxorhynchites
mosquito)
– Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
– intracellular bacteria, Wolbachia

Question 23

Tabanidae

Answer 23

Horse flies/clegs
Blood-feeding females.
Painful bite; allergic reactions; may also vector diseases

Question 24

Asilidae

Answer 24

Robber or assassin flies

Predaceous adults and larvae

Question 25

Empidae

Answer 25

Dance flies | Predaceous adults and larvae

Question 26

Dolichopodidae

Answer 26

Long-legged flies | Predaceous adults and larvae

Question 27

Muscidae

Answer 27

House fly, stable fly | Animal fluid and blood-feeders are serious pests and vectors of diseases

Question 28

Glossinidae

Answer 28

Tsetse fly | Females are larviparous

Question 29

Musca sorbens

Answer 29

Bazaar or eye-seeking fly Mechanical vector Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 30

Callophoridae

Answer 30

Blowflies (blue/greenbottles) Many callophorids carry enteric diseases Myiasis - larvae feeding on tissues of vertebrates

Question 31

Sarcophagidae

Answer 31

Flesh flies Many are carrion-feeders Some cause myiasis Females may be larviparous

Question 32

Oestridae

Answer 32

Bot & warble flies | Larvae are endoparasites of mammals, including livestock

Question 33

Tachinidae

Answer 33

Parasitic flies | Larvae parasitic on other animals including pest species

Question 34

Hippoboscidae

Answer 34

Louse flies | Ectoparasites on birds and mammals; larviparous and often wingless adults (e.g. Sheep Ked)