Directional Terms, Tissues, Bones Quiz

Question 1

What Does Cranial Mean?

Answer 1

Towards the head, and on the limb the front side

Question 2

What Does Caudal Mean?

Answer 2

Towards the tail, and on the limb-the back side

Question 3

What Does Rostral Mean?

Answer 3

On the head, towards the nose

Question 4

What Does Medial Mean?

Answer 4

Towards the middle or median plane

Question 5

What Does Lateral Mean?

Answer 5

Away from the middle or median plane

Question 6

What Does Dorsal Mean?

Answer 6

Towards the top surface of the body, think dorsal fin on dolphin, also top surface of foot

Question 7

What Does Ventral Mean?

Answer 7

Towards the underside, belly

Question 8

What Does Proximal Mean?

Answer 8

On the limb, towards the body

Question 9

What Does Distal Mean?

Answer 9

On the limb, away from the body or towards the foot

Question 10

What Does Palmar Mean?

Answer 10

The bottom surface of the front foot, the standing surface

Question 11

What Does Plantar Mean?

Answer 11

The bottom surface of the hind foot, the standing surface

Question 12

What Does Superficial Mean?

Answer 12

Towards the body surface

Question 13

What Does Deep Mean?

Answer 13

Towards the inside of the body

Question 14

What Does Anatomy Mean?

Answer 14

Structure or form of the body, what makes up each part
Regional: by region (head,chest,etc.)
Systemic: by body system (cardiovascular, digestive,etc.)- this is our approach

Question 15

What Does Physiology Mean?

Answer 15

How the body systems function to allow life

Question 16

Name The Levels Of Body Organization From Cell-Organism: Can’t Talk Over Some Orangutans( First letter of each word)

Answer 16

1. Cell
2. Tissue
3. Organ
4. System
5. Organism

Question 17

Name The 4 Planes Of Reference- Try Drinking More Sugar(first letter of each)

Answer 17

1. Transverse- slicing body into head end and back end
2. Dorsal- slicing body into top half and bottom half
3. Median- slicing body into left and right equal halves
   4.Sagittarius-slicing body into left and right unequal halves(NOT DOWN CENTER)

Question 18

Name The 2 Body Cavities And What They Contain?- Think About

Answer 18

Thorax(thoracic cavity)
- contains heart,lungs,esophagus
Bounded By:
-Spine dorsally
-Ribs laterally
-Diaphragm caudally
-Neck cranially
-Sternum ventrally
Abdomen( abdominal cavity)
-contains digestive organs(liver,stomach,intestines etc.), reproductive organs, urinary organs
Bounded By:
-Spine dorsally
-Abdominal muscles laterally and ventrally
-Diaphragm cranially
-Pelvis caudally

Question 19

How Many Bodily Fluid Compartments Are There?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

Name The Body Fluid Compartments And What They Are

Answer 20

Intracellular- water within cells,makes up most of body water
Extracellular- water outside of cells
Interstitial: water in between cells in tissues
Plasma: water within the bloodstream

Question 21

What Things Move Between Fluid Compartments?

Answer 21

-Gases(oxygen and carbon dioxide)
-Water
-Nutrients which are used for energy
-Electrolytes( particles that carry an electric charge AKA ions or salts)(sodium,chloride,potassium)

Question 22

What Are The 4 Tissue Types?

Answer 22

-Epithelial
-Connective
-Muscle
-Nervous

Question 23

What Are The Functions Of Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 23

-secretion from glands(ex-sweat,milk)
-Absorption(ex-intestine)
-Protection-covers and lines things(ex-skin)

Question 24

What Are The Functions Of Connective Tissue?

Answer 24

Provides support to other tissues
- All made up of cells plus elastic fibers and collagen fibers that gives strength and flexibility

Question 25

What Are The Different Types Of CT?

Answer 25

Proper- ex-tendons,fat -loose CT a. Areolar- most common type supports and cushions everything b. Adipose- aka fat, used for cushioning and energy storage Dense CT a. Dense regular -found in tendons and ligaments -very strong in 1 direction because fires are all aligned b.Dense irregular -found in the dermis of skin -very strong in all directions

Question 26

How Can You Categorize Epithelial And Generalized Connective Tissue?

Answer 26

Epithelial Tissue- covers and lines other tissues Generalized CT- supports and connects other tissues

Question 27

What Is The Structure Of Bone As A Tissue?

Answer 27

Structure: -Specialized type of CT - made of a matrix primarily calcium and phosphorus which makes it so hard a. Cells that create the matrix -Osteoblasts-create new bone -Osteocytes-maintains bone once made

Question 28

What Is The Function Of Bone As A Tissue?

Answer 28

-support/protection- allows movement, protects chest,brain, etc. -calcium storage -blood cell production

Question 29

What Is The Primary Growth Center Of Bones?

Answer 29

Diaphysis -“shaft” of a long bone

Question 30

What Is The Secondary Growth Center Of Bones?

Answer 30

Epiphysis

Question 31

What Is A Growth Plate?AKA Epiphyseal Plate, What Occurs Here?

Answer 31

Junction between diaphysis and epiphysis -where growth in length occurs in young animals -if damaged when growing, will distort shape of limb

Question 32

What Is Compact(dense)Bone?

Answer 32

-stronger then spongy bone but heavier -usually found in edges of a bone

Question 33

What is Cancellous (spongy) Bone?

Answer 33

-less weight -contains bone marrow a. Red marrow -found in young animals, made of mostly blood cells b. Yellow Marrow -found in adults, made of mostly fat -not as much blood cell production needed so occurs elsewhere in adults - found in center of bones