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Dirty Medicine Qs > Dirty Medicine Q's > Flashcards

Dirty Medicine Q's Flashcards

1
Q

Patient is admitted to hospital
24-72 hours later they undergo an acute change in mental status.
What is the diagnosis?

A

Alcohol Withdrawal

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

A 
Diaphoresis
Low grade fever
Hypertensive
Tachycardic
Fine tremulusness
Visual hallucinations
Seizures (delirium tremens)
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3
Q

What is the treatment for alcohol withdrawal?

A

Benzodiazepenes

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4
Q

What are the CYP450 inducers?

A

BS CRAP GPS induces my rage

Barbituates
St. Johns Wart

Carbemazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin

Griseofulvin
Phenobarbitol
Sulfonylureas

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5
Q

What is metabolized by CYP 1A2?

A

AcetAminophen

1 word, 2 A’s

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6
Q

What is metabolized by CYP 2E1?

A

Ethanol (alcohol)

21 to drink ethanol

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7
Q

What is metabolized by CYP 2C9?

A

Warfarin/Coumadin

Warfarin acts on Factors 2, 7, 9, 10, Protein C, Protein S

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8
Q

What is metabolized by CYP 2D6?

A

Cardiovascular drugs

2D echo is used to look at heart

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9
Q

What are the CYP 450 subtypes?

A 
CYP-1A2
CYP-2E1
CYP-2C9
CYP-2D6
CYP-34A
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10
Q

What are the CYP450 inhibitors?

A 
Valproate
Ketoconazole
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Chloramphenicol
Amiodarone
Erthromycin
Clarithromycin
Quinidine
Grapefruit Juice
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11
Q

What drug is used to treat NMS?

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is treated with Dantrolene

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12
Q

What drug is used to treat serotonin syndrome?

A

Cyproheptadine

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13
Q

What drug is used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms?

A

Benztropine

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14
Q

What is bromocriptine and what is it used for?

A

Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist used to treat Parkinsons

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15
Q

What is an important side effect of metformin?

A

Metformin can cause Lactic Acidosis with kidney damage.

Ex: Ct contrast can cause damage to kidneys. Coupled with metformin, lactic acidosis can occur

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16
Q

What is anticardiolipin?

A

Anti-phospholipid antibody seen with SLE

Anticardiolipin targets cardiolipin, a lipid protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane that binds to Beta-glycoprotein 1

Anticardiolipins are also present in Syphilis (causing false positive RPR)

Anticardiolipins can bind to platelet membranes, causing clot formation, WHICH CAN RESULT IN ABORTIONS

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17
Q

What finding can occur within 24 hours of an MI?

A

Ventricular Arrhythmia

D/t calcium mediated hypercontraction

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18
Q

What finding can occur 1-3 days after an MI?

A

Fibrinous Pericarditis

D/t neutrophil mediated coagulative necrosis

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19
Q

What finding can occur 3-14 days after an MI?

A

Free Wall Rupture, Interventricular septal rupture, LV Pseudoaneurysm

D/t granulation tissue and macrophages

20
Q

What finding can occur 2+ weeks after an MI?

A

Dressler Syndrome or Mural thrombus

D/t scar formation

21
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder?

A

5 SIGECAPS symtpoms for 2 weeks

Sleep
Interest
Guilt
Energy
Cognition/Concentration
Appetitie
Psychomotor
Suicide
22
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Adjutment DO

A

Anxiety symptoms lasting < 6 months

Ex: fired from job, develop anxiety 2 months later, goes away

23
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Generlized anxiety DO?

A

Anxiety symptoms for > 6 months

24
Q

What are the diagnositc criteria for pathologic grief?

A

Findings of guilt lasting over 12 months and functional impairment

  • Sadness
  • Anxiety
  • Apathy
  • Wanting to die (not just to be with deceased person)
  • Hallucinations (also seen in normal guilt)
25
Q

What does EBV bind to?

A

CD21

26
Q

Waht does HIV bind to?

A

CXCR4

27
Q

What does Rhinovirus bind to?

A

ICAM-1

28
Q

Waht does Rabies bind to?

A

Nichotinic acetylcholine receptors

29
Q

What reflex is absent in testicular torsion?

A

Cremaster reflex

30
Q

What shape are uric acid crystals?

A

Rhomboid

31
Q

What shape are calcium oxalate crystals?

A

Envelopes

32
Q

What shape are calcium phosphate crystals?

A

Wedge-shaped pyramids

33
Q

What shape are ammonium, Mg, phosphate crystals?

A

coffin lid

34
Q

What shape are cysteine crystals?

A

hexagonal

35
Q

What causes calcium oxalate stones?

A

Vit C excess

Ethylene glycol

Crohns

36
Q

What causes Ammonium, Mg, Phosphate stones?

A

Urease + bugs (proteus, stag horn calculi)

37
Q

What causes cyteine stones?

A

Cystinuria, fm hx

38
Q

What can be seen on UA with Hypertensive Urgency?

A

RBC Casts

also seen in nephritic

39
Q

What cann be seen on UA in ESRD?

A

Waxy casts

40
Q

When would you see WBC casts in urine?

A

Pyelonephritis

Interstitial Nephritis (drug induced; rash, itching, eosinophilia)

Transplant rejection

41
Q

When would you see fatty casts in urine?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

fatty casts under polarized light shows a maltese cross

42
Q

What would you find on UA in a patient with Acute tubular nechrosis?

A

Granular (muddy brown) casts

43
Q

What is the most likely casue of meningitis?

A

Strep pneumo

not N meningitites

44
Q

What is the most likely cause of UTI in a young sexually active female?

A

E coli

45
Q

What conditions is S pneumo the #1 most common cause of?

A

MOPS

Meningitis
Otitis Media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

46
Q

What are the 2 causes of scid?

A

Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
- Autosomal recessive

Gamma IL-2R Light Chain defect
- X-linked recessive

Dirty Medicine Qs (1 decks)

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