Disability rights are human rights Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

What is dyscalculla?

Affects a persons ability to understand number-based information.

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What is dysgraphia?

A condition in which someone has difficulty with writing

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What is dyspraxia?

Disorder that affects coordination and movements.

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Which government generated statement should a vendor complete that provides information on how a product or service complies with Section 508 standards?

A. Impact Accessibility for Validation (IAV)
B. Product Development Accessibility Template (PDAT)
C. Product Social Impact Assessment (PSIA)
D. Voluntary Product Assessment Template (VPAT)

D. Voluntary Product Assessment Template (VPAT)

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An individual is developing an upper extremity medical problem that is currently increasing pain and reducing movement in the elbows, while expected to eventually spread into the wrists and hands. Which group of accommodations should be recommended?

A. Adjustable keyboard/mouse tray, ergonomic keyboard, and adjustable monitor
B. Screen reader software, keyboard shortcuts, and adjustable keyboard/mouse tray
C. Voice recognition software, ergonomic mouse, and adjustable keyboard/mouse tray
D. Voice recognition software, screen reader software, and ergonomic mouse

Svar: C. Voice recognition software, ergonomic mouse, and adjustable keyboard/mouse tray

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Which is the BEST example of an individualized accommodation or adjustment for a student?

A. Extra time on a test
B. Projected lessons on a large screen
C. Spell-checker for tests
D. Study groups

Svar: A. Extra time on a test

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Which statement BEST describes a way the U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is being used to open opportunities for people with disabilities in information technology?

A. The CRPD defers to the W3C for policy guidance on website accessibility and how to best promote its adoption.
B. The CRPD relies on partnerships between the private and public sector to encourage better accessibility standards.
C. The CRPD requires member states to enact tough laws that adopt WCAG 2.0.
D. The CRPD urges member states to take appropriate measures to ensure people with disabilities are not excluded.

Svar: D. The CRPD urges member states to take appropriate measures to ensure people with disabilities are not excluded.

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Using directional signs in an airport that accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills is an example of which principle of Universal Design 2.0?

A. Principle Five: Tolerance for Error
B. Principle Six: Low Physical Effort
C. Principle Three: Simple and Intuitive Use
D. Principle Two: Flexibility of Use

Svar: C. Principle Three: Simple and Intuitive Use

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Increases in which category of health conditions account for the largest percentage of disabilities in all parts of the world?

A. Infectious diseases
B. Mental health conditions
C. Non-communicable chronic diseases
D. Traumatic injuries

Svar: B. Mental health conditions

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Persons with a disability are MOST LIKELY to experience what major factor that could lead to poverty?

A. Fewer skills
B. Lower employment rates
C. Lower marriage prospects
D. Lower participation in social activities

Svar: B. Lower employment rates

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Which technique is MOST beneficial to blind and partially-sighted consumers of web and broadcast video content?

A. Audio description
B. Captioning
C. Sign language interpretation
D. Transcripts

Svar: A. Audio description

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An employee who is blind and has been successfully performing computer-based work (i.e., word processing and email correspondence) for several years, has recently developed carpal tunnel syndrome. What would be the MOST appropriate solution for maintaining optimal job performance?

A. Adding voice-recognition software
B. Eliminating keyboard entry tasks from the job duties
C. Introducing screen-reader software
D. Reassignment to a different role

Svar: A. Adding voice-recognition software

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An example that supports the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 principle of Robust on a mobile device is by providing:

A. a virtual keyboard.
B. captions and transcripts.
C. color contrast options.
D. limited content.

Svar: A. a virtual keyboard.

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According to the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0, which is an example of principle three: Simple and Intuitive to Use?

A. Arrange elements to minimize errors.
B. Be consistent with user interface elements.
C. Provide warnings of hazards and errors.
D. Minimize repetitive actions.

Svar: B. Be consistent with user interface elements.

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A read-aloud function which highlights text as it is read, a clear, well-structured, simplified navigation system, diagrams that illustrate the point of the content, and icons to visually reinforce structure are particularly helpful for persons:

A. who are non-verbal.
B. who are non-visual.
C. with cognitive disabilities.
D. with communication disabilities.

Svar: C. with cognitive disabilities.

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According to the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0, an example of principle two: Flexibility in Use is

A. accommodating a wide range of literacy and language skills.
B. accommodating left- and right-handed access.
C. providing compatibility with a variety of devices used by people with sensory limitations.
D. using different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.

Svar: D. using different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.

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Which example fully demonstrates Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0?

A. Design policies that are geared specifically to persons with different disabilities.
B. Make available segregated seating area for persons with disabilities.
C. Provide identical means of use for all users where possible, equivalent when not.
D. Provide a series of alternate options for different types of users.

Svar: C. Provide identical means of use for all users where possible, equivalent when not.

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Images and icons that can explain content, navigational elements that are clear and large enough to touch, integrated speech output, and total keyboard accessibility that can be translated to switch access are ALL design practices that can facilitate the use of which type of assistive devices?

A. Augmentative and alternative communication devices
B. Listening devices
C. Magnification devices
D. Screen readers

Svar: A. Augmentative and alternative communication devices

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What are standard communication methods for a person who is Deafblind?

A. Navigation aids, tactile sign language, Braille, tactile marking/sign
B. Simplified environmental design, visual and audio alternatives to text
C. Standard/consistent physical positioning and visual presentation, visual filters
D. Visual labels/notifications/alerts, assistive listening devices, voice carryover

Svar: A

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In the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0, which definition defines principle one: Equitable Use?

A. design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences.
B. design communicates necessary information effectively to the user regardless of sensory abilities.
C. design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.
D. of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience.

Svar: C. design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.

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Eye tracking technology is MOST HELPFUL to persons with

A. Cognitive disabilities.
B. Deafblindness.
C. Mobility disabilities.
D. Seizures.

Svar: C. Mobility disabilities.

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Which is the name of a principle from the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0?

A. Keyboard Accessible
B. Perceivable
C. Perceptible Information
D. Timing Adjustable

Svar: C. Perceptible Information

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Which principle in the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0 considers a wide spectrum of a user’s abilities in addition to personal preference?

A. Flexibility in Use
B. Low Physical Effort
C. Simple and Intuitive Use
D. Tolerance for Error

Svar: A. Flexibility in Use

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When adequate clearance is provided, which is the MOST commonly built practice incorporated in the design of a kiosk (e.g., ATM/Cash Machine) that benefits wheelchair users?

A. A frontal approach
B. A sideways approach
C. An adjustable height
D. An elevated approach

Svar: A. A frontal approach

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A Web site designed for optimal use considers what factor that is NOT directly related to disability? A. Age-related disease B. Color blindness C. Dyslexia D. Lack of computer skills

Svar: D. Lack of computer skills

Which is the BEST example of the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0 principle six: Low Physical Effort? A. Automatic soap dispensers B. Lamp with round switch C. Round door handles D. Stationary escalator steps

Svar: A. Automatic soap dispensers

Which is an example of the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0, principle seven: Size and Space for Approach and Use? A. A standard revolving turnstyle B. Clear area around an automatic cash machine/dispenser (ATM) C. Level floor seating for a presentation D. Tables fixed to the floor

Svar: B. Clear area around an automatic cash machine/dispenser (ATM)

The broad-spectrum ideas meant to produce buildings, products, and environments that are inherently accessible to older people, people without disabilities, and people with disabilities is known as A. Accessible Design. B. Functional Design. C. Universal Design. D. Usable Design.

Svar: C. Universal Design.

Which action BEST sustains an organizational culture shift toward accessibility? A. Delivering internal sensitivity training B. Injecting accessibility into a one-time project C. Introducing changes to business processes D. Requiring outside training for employees

Svar: C. Introducing changes to business processes

Which example BEST illustrates how accessibility solutions can be incorporated into user experience design? A. Adding accessibility to a web site when a user asks for accommodation or adjustment B. Attaching an accessibility statement to a web site C. Designing a web site for people who use assistive technology D. Redirecting the user to another accessible site

Svar: C. Designing a web site for people who use assistive technology

The types of European ICT accessibility legislation which are applicable within the entire EU are A. discrimination and accessibility acts. B. discrimination and web accessibility directives. C. procurement and accessibility acts. D. procurement and web accessibility directives.

Svar: D. procurement and web accessibility directives.

Products that are designed with the specific intent of standardization, ease of access, efficiency, and satisfaction are based on the principles of A. accessible design B. innovative design C. functional design D. usability design

Svar: D. usability design

A. Governments are the largest purchaser of ICT, which moves industry to build accessible ICT. B. Industry must conform to government laws. C. Industry trends are leading indicators of government practices, which lowers costs. D. Regional disability lobbyists can apply pressure to government procurement.

Svar: A. Governments are the largest purchaser of ICT, which moves industry to build accessible ICT.

What is a primary goal of the World Health Organization for collecting population data on people with disabilities? A. Enhance national taxation policies B. Identify strategies to improve the well-being of people with disabilities C. Develop new immigration policies D. Enhance national population statistics reporting

Svar: B. Identify strategies to improve the well-being of people with disabilities

According to the World Health Organization 2011 World Report on Disability, what percentage of the world's population are estimated to live with some form of disability? A. 5% B. 15% C. 30% D. 38%

Svar: B. 15%

As the average lifespan increases worldwide, so does the number of older, disabled persons. This impacts society MOST SIGNIFICANTLY in A. healthcare costs. B. low-cost housing. C. population growth. D. voter turnout.

Svar: A. healthcare costs.

The identification of systemic barriers, negative attitudes, and exclusion by people as the main contributory factor in disabling people is known as A. the Charity Model. B. the Economic Model. C. the Legal Model. D. the Social Model.

Svar: D. the Social Model.

A new employee who is blind asks where there is a bathroom. Which initial response is MOST APPROPRIATE to the employee? A. Tell them to follow the signs. B. Offer your arm to assist them. C. Grab the person and lead them. D. Put your hand on their cane and help guide them.

Svar: B. Offer your arm to assist them.

According to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which outcome is a result of involving users with disabilities early in web development projects? A. Identifying color combinations that are most appealing to users B. Identifying the best assistive technologies to use C. Understanding how stakeholders can influence users D. Understanding unforeseen accessibility issues

Svar: D. Understanding unforeseen accessibility issues

Which model defines disability by a person's inability to participate in work and the financial consequences for the individual, employer, and the state? A. Charity Model B. Economic Model C. Employment Model D. Social Model

Svar: B. Economic Model

Voice recognition software is MOST LIKELY to be used as an input device by a person with which type of disability? A. Hard of Hearing B. Mobility C. Psychological D. Speech

Svar: B. Mobility

How is Deaf with an uppercase "D" different than deaf with a lowercase "d"? A. It is a more polite way to refer to someone with profound hearing loss. B. It is considered a culture rather than an impairment. C. The hearing loss is due to injury or illness rather than congenital. D. The level of hearing loss is clinically considered more severe.

Svar: B. It is considered a culture rather than an impairment.

Which is a systemic benefit of sharing accessibility successes within an organization? A. Ensuring management budgets for additional resources B. Ensuring practical knowledge can be used for the next project C. Leveraging the successes in annual performance reviews D. Publicizing accessibility in public relations campaigns and activities

Svar: B. Ensuring practical knowledge can be used for the next project

What management strategy removes barriers that prevent inclusive information sharing in an organization? A. Communication management B. Quality management C. Risk management D. Stakeholder management

Svar: A. Communication management

A large organization is developing a single intake process for new hires with disabilities. Which plan is BEST suited to implement the process? A. Cost management plan B. Facilities management plan C. Integration management plan D. management plan

Svar: C. Integration management plan

When making accessibility accommodations or adjustments for a person using a wheelchair within a workstation, what component of his/her wheelchair use is recommended to be addressed first? A. Bathroom access B. Comfort C. Posture and stability D. Telephone and headphone access

Svar: C. Posture and stability

What are the testable statements of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0? A. Principles B. Guidelines C. Success Criteria D. Techniques

Svar: C. Success Criteria

Which type of assistance would specifically help a person with a psychological disability? A. Ergonomic chair B. Screen magnification software C. Screen reader D. Service animal

Svar: D. Service animal

What aspect of learning is addressed when an instructor utilizes multiple means of action and expression in the learning experience? A. The "how" of learning B. The "what" of learning C. The "when" of learning D. The "why" of teaming

Svar: A. The "how" of learning

Which is the biggest business benefit of designing an accessible website? A. Data integrity B. Information security C. Search engine optimization D. Web site availability

Using simplified text that is supplemented by images, graphs, and other illustrations is a good strategy when targeting content for users with which type of disability? A. Psychological B. Cognitive C. Mobility D. Visual

Svar: B. Cognitive

When making accessible pre-recorded video content with audio for people with hearing impairments, the video needs to include A. audio description. B. captions and transcript. C. high contrast mode. D. keyboard accessible controls.

Svar: B. captions and transcript.

Visual alerts (e.g., flashing lights in railway stations) and notifications (e.g., text message alerts in airports) are MOST HELPFUL to people with which condition? A. Autism B. Deafness C. Epilepsy D. Low Vision

Svar: B. Deafness

Which set of assistive technologies and adaptive strategies is BEST suited for a person with hearing/auditory disabilities? A. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices, highlighting, simplified content B. Haptic alerts, captions, transcripts C. Screen magnifiers, color and contrast controls, magnified pointers and cursors D. Screen reader, Braille keyboard, speech input

Svar: B. Haptic alerts, captions, transcripts

Which usability practice could result in poor accessibility? A. Captioning B. Color coding C. Contextual links D. Plain language content

Svar: B. Color coding

While this model may inspire people to donate time or resources to assist those with disabilities, it can often be condescending to those individuals by portraying them as objects of pity.

Svar: Charity model

Which model is illustrated by a person who is Deaf (capital D) viewing themselves as gaining from deafness rather than being impaired by it?

Svar: Social identity or cultural affiliation model.

Which model focuses on the ability of the individual to participate in work?

Svar: Economic model

This model provides a comprehensive perspective that recognizes the complex interplay of biology, psychology, and social and environmental factors.

Svar: Biopsychosocial model The biopsychosocial model takes into account the whole person in the social context, and focuses on environmental factors - physical, social and attitudinal - in which people with disabilities live.

True or False Assistive technologies such as screen readers and voice dictation are most closely aligned with the functional solutions model.

Which are examples of the strengths of the medical model? (Select two.) A. Addresses the biological sources of disabilities B. Improves the lives of people with disabilities through societal change C. Accepts the person's disability completely, and uses it as a point of pride D. Provides clinical cures or medical management of disabilities

Svar: A and D are correct. The medical model addresses the biological source of disability.

Which model recognizes that it is the collective responsibility of society to make the environmental changes needed for the full participation of people with disabilities?

Svar: Social model The social model of disability views the issue of disability as a socially created problem. Therefore the solution requires social action, including changing the environment so that everyone can participate.

This model views disability as a problem of the body and seeks to cure or manage the condition.

Svar: Medical model The medical model can address the biological sources of disabilities, either by clinically curing them or providing ways to medically manage the conditions. The medical component of disabilities is a critical reality for many people.

This model acknowledges that individuals with disabilities may have limitations that prevent them from earning a living. Social model Economic model Charity model Medical model

Svar: Economic model

What model? A woman receives a disability insurance check after giving birth while she is on maternity leave.

Svar: Economic model

What model? The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge raised millions of dollars for scientific research leading to meaningful breakthroughs in identifying and treating the disease.

Svar: Charity model

What model? In order for a university student to receive an accommodation for more time on tests, she first had to provide documentation of the diagnosis of her disability to the school's disability services office.

Svar: Medical model

Not knowing which of two digits is larger, i.e. understanding the meaning of numbers, or lacking effective counting strategies, or even the inability to add simple single-digit numbers mentally are characteristics of which disability?

Svar: Dyscalculia

What Universal Design Principle? The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. For example, a counter space or desk surface may be raised or lowered to accommodate users of varying height, or an individual who uses a wheelchair.

Svar: Equitable Use

What Universal Design Principle? The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities. For example, a captioned video will allow people to choose to listen or to read in order to understand content. This not only provides access to individuals with hearing impairments but also accommodates those who would rather not use sound or who comprehend better through reading.

Svar: Flexibility in Use

What Universal Design Principle? Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. For example, a website that is well-organized with clear headings will facilitate access to information.

Svar: Simple and Intuitive Use

What Universal Design Principle? The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user’s sensory abilities. For example, a video includes a voiceover for individuals with visual impairments.

Svar: Perceptible Information

What Universal Design Principle? The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. For example, a hallway is free of protruding objects at a height where they would not be detectable by someone with a visual impairment who uses a cane.

Svar: Tolerance for Error

What Universal Design Principle? The design can be used efficiently, comfortably, and with a minimum of fatigue. For example, an automatic door opener can facilitate access to an office space or classroom.

Svar: Low Physical Effort

What Universal Design Principle? Appropriate size and space is allotted for approach, reach and manipulation regardless of physical characteristics such as size or mobility. For example, a classroom includes a range of seating options, including a table for someone who uses a wheelchair or wider chairs for individuals who are taller and/or larger.

Svar: Appropriate Size and Space for Approach and Use

Someone who is easily distracted by sights and sounds, has trouble paying attention, and is impulsive most likely has:

Svar: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A person who has substantial hearing loss in combination with 20/200 vision, and as a result uses touch as their primary means of communication MOST likely identifies with which category of disability? Blind Deaf Hard of hearing Deaf-blind

Svar: Deaf-blind

A student who has difficulty with communication, difficulty with social interactions, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors can be characterized as having which cognitive disability? Autism Spectrum Disorder Anxiety Dyslexia Dementia

Svar: ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) refers to a range of conditions characterized by some degree of impaired social behavior, communication and language, and a narrow range of interests and activities that are both unique to the individual and carried out repetitively.

True or false All people with auditory disabilities know sign language.

Svar: False

True or false Cognitive, learning, and neurological disabilities do not necessarily affect the intelligence of a person.

Svar: True

Which of the following website design solutions are appropriate for a person with cognitive disabilities? (Select three.) A. Simple reminders, such as "step 2 of 4" B. Error messages containing clear explanations C. Headings that draw attention to the main topics of information D. Video content that plays on page load

Svar: A, B, and C are the correct answers.

Thomas is a twelve year old student who is sighted but colorblind. He is having difficulty understanding a pie chart that shows the number of Mac users versus PC users in his class. He cannot correlate the values in the pie slices with the data series in the legend. In the pie chart, the Mac users are shown as the green slice, and the PC users are shown as the red slice. Identify the solutions that are most helpful to Thomas and that he is likely to use. (Select three.) A. In the slices, use patterns in addition to color B. In addition to the pie chart, provide a data table C. Describe the pie chart with alternative text D. Label the slices with text boxes

Svar: A, B, and D are the correct responses. Using patterns in addition to color allows someone who is colorblind to differentiate the slices. Providing a data table that deconstructs the data visualization into its tabular format and allows a different way of accessing it. Labeling the values of each pie slice would also add a secondary means to decode the information.

Alex has worked as a reporter for more than 20 years and has developed a repetitive strain injury that makes it painful to use a mouse and to type for extended periods of time. Though it took considerable research, time, and commitment to learn, he is able to work with less pain using which of the following modifications to his work environment? (Select three.) A. Use of an ergonomic keyboard B. Large computer screen with high resolution and high luminosity C. Voice recognition software on his computer and mobile phone D. Use of keyboard commands without a mouse

Svar: A, C, and D are the correct responses. Use of an ergonomic keyboard can provide relief to pain. Voice recognition software on his computer and mobile phone can limit the amount of manipulation required to operate a computer. And use of keyboard commands without a mouse can reduce the need to engage fine motor skills needed to operate a pointer device.

Can hear sounds but sometimes not sufficiently to understand all speech, especially when there is background noise. This can include people using hearing aids. Auditory Cognitive Physical Visual

Svar: Auditory

Involves neurodiversity and neurological disorders, as well as behavioral and mental health disorders that are not necessarily neurological. They may affect any part of the nervous system and impact how well people hear, move, see, speak, and understand information. Auditory Cognitive Physical Visual

Svar: Cognitive

Sometimes called motor disabilities, include weakness and limitations of muscular control (such as involuntary movements including tremors, lack of coordination, or paralysis), limitations of sensation, joint disorders (such as arthritis), pain that impedes movement, and missing limbs. Auditory Cognitive Physical Visual

Svar: Physical

Can range from mild to severe or complete loss. Some people have reduced or lack of sensitivity to certain colors, or increased sensitivity to bright colors. Auditory Cognitive Physical Visual

Svar: Visual

Screen magnifiers and screen readers are both assistive technologies for people with vision disabilities, but they serve two different purposes. Which statements below explain the main differences between the two technologies? (Select two.) A. Screen magnifiers are primarily for the benefit of the low-sighted and screen readers are primarily for the non-sighted. B. Screen magnifiers enlarge the content on a screen, while screen readers speak the content aloud. C. Screen magnifiers interfere with the proper usage of a screen reader. D. Screen magnifiers are not available on mobile devices but screen readers are.

Svar: A and B

A screen reader such as NVDA or VoiceOver converts information displayed on a screen into text, then into to synthesized speech, and broadcasts it through speakers. It is a technology designed primarily for blind users. Which assistive technology or adaptative strategy would a deafblind person use that can access the screen reader's conversion of on-screen information to text?

Svar: A refreshable braille display

In a train station or airport, where it is important to understand information such as time and departure gate changes, people with which types of disabilities would MOST benefit from a combination of text-based and audio alerts? (Select three.) A. Vision disabilities B. Hearing disabilities C. Mobility disabilities D. Cognitive disabilities

Svar: A, B, and D are correct. The ADA requires transportation systems to remove barriers to mass transit for persons who are blind or visually impaired, primarily by making visible information also audible or tactile. People with hearing disabilities may not be able to hear the audible alerts and would need to have the alerts available in a text-based format. Finally, the additional formats for the alerts would allow people with cognitive disabilities to have extra time if needed to process the information provided.

This assistive technology allows people to control their computers through means other than a standard keyboard or pointing device. Tools such as wands and sticks, electronic pointing devices, and sip-and-puff systems, which are designed for people with limited mobility, are classified as which type of devices?

Svar: Alternative Access Devices

Voice output communication aids (VOCAs), also sometimes referred to as a speech-generating device (SGD), are high-tech systems which may or may not have alternative access methods incorporated. Some people are unable to speak. Which is an umbrella term for systems and technologies that assist them with communicating?

Svar: AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) Augmentative and Alternative Communication, which includes all the types of unaided and aided systems people can use to help them communicate without talking.

While attempting to log into a banking website, a person has used all of their login attempts and is directed to call a customer service representative. In this scenario, people with which types of disabilities would MOST benefit from text-based alternatives for communication? (Select two.) A. Auditory disabilities B. Speech disabilities C. Mobility disabilities D. Vision disabilities

Svar: A and B

This assistive technology creates an audible track that describes portions of a video without dialog that provides information about actions, characters, scene changes, on-screen text, and other visual content as a supplement to the regular audio track of a program. What is the assistive technology and who is the primary audience for it? Audio descriptions for the low-sighted and non-sighted Text transcripts for the low-sighted and non-sighted Closed captions for the deaf and hard-of-hearing Open captions for the deaf and hard-of-hearing

Svar: Audio Description (AD) Audio Description (AD) is the descriptive narration of key visual elements of live theatre, television, movies, and other media to enhance their enjoyment by consumers who are blind or have low vision.

True or false? Open captioning in a video cannot be toggled on or off.

Svar: True Open captioning is visible as soon as the video begins and does not need to be turned on or off by the viewer. There is primary difference between closed and open captions.

Video closed captions and transcripts are primarily for the benefit of people with auditory disabilities. Which other groups can also benefit? (Select two.) A. People who speak English as a second language B. People with no vision or low vision C. People with learning disabilities D. People with physical disabilities

Svar: A and C There are several problems ESL learners struggle with that captioning can help solve. Somce accents can make English harder to understand. Captioning can also help if the speaker is not talking clearly, is talking too fast, or is using slang, jargon, or abbreviations.

This assistive technology can both convert speech into text and allow a user to control a computer or mobile device. What is the assistive technology? Voice recognition Audio captioning Augmentative and Alternative Communication Screen reader

Svar: Voice recognition Voice recognition technology allows for hands-free dictation and for the user to state commands to utilize the other programs on their computer or mobile devices.

This assistive technology can both convert speech into text and allow a user to control a computer or mobile device. People with which types of disability benefit MOST from this assistive technology? Limited mobility and speech Limited vision and mobility Limited vision and hearing Limited hearing and speech

Svar: Limited vision and mobility

Poor people are more at risk of acquiring a disability due to a lack of which of the following factors? (Select three.) A. Accessibility standards B. Health care C. Sanitation D. Safe environments .

Svar: B C and D are the correct answers

While the World Health Organization estimates that 15% of the world has a disability, the number of people who experience significant difficulties in functioning is: 5 - 10 % 10 - 12 % less than 1% 2 - 4 %

Svar: 2 - 4 %

Of the 39 million people in the world that are blind, the vast majority: Have glaucoma Become blind by the age of 10 Have an incurable disease Are over age 50

Svar: Are over age 50

According the WHO, cataracts account for half of all cases of blindness in the world. The second leading cause is:

Svar: Glaucoma

While around 15% of people in the world have some type of disability, the percentage of adults in the U.S. with a disability is around:

Svar: 26%

According to the United Nations Factsheet on Persons with Disabilities, about 80% of persons with disabilities live in developing countries. Which of the following are other key statistics? (Select three.) A. In most OECD countries, women report higher incidents of disability than men B. Unemployment among the persons with disabilities is as high as 20% in some countries C. 90% of children with disabilities in developing countries do not attend school D. The global literacy rate for adults with disabilities is as low as 3%, and 1% for women with disabilities

Svar: A C and D are the correct responses.

True or false? People with disabilities make up the world's largest minority group.

Svar: True

True or false? As people age their chances of acquiring a disability increase.

Svar: True

Disability accentuates poverty because the systemic institutional, environmental, and attitudinal barriers that people with disabilities encounter in their daily lives result in their entrenched social exclusion and their lack of participation in society. Which further problems are caused by their exclusion? (Select two.) A. Diverse economic experience B. Insufficient access to education, housing, food, water, sanitation, and healthcare C. Lack of preparation for and meaningful inclusion in the workforce D. Increased institutional opportunities

Svar: B and C are the correct answers.

True or false Cataract is an incurable eye disease that account for 51% of cases of blindness in the world.

Svar: False, of the more than 36 million people worldwide suffering from unnecessary blindness, more than half are due to cataract – which can be surgically treated.

Do or Don’t Try to get to eye level with a person in a wheelchair.

Svar: Do

Do or Don’t Ask how a person wants to communicate. For example, they may wish to lip-read.

Svar: Do

True or false. The 7 Principles of Universal Design is an accessible design framework built for the Information Communication Technology space and was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

Svar: Answer is False. The 7 Principles of Universal Design were developed at the Center for Universal Design at North Carolina State University by a group of architects, engineers and environmental design researchers. They are meant to guide the design of environments, products and communications.

The Equitable Use principle asks us to ensure that a "design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities." Which guidelines support this principle? (Select three.) A. Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use. B. Provide the same means of use for all users. C. Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users. D. Make the design appealing to all users.

Svar: B, C, D

A designer created a web form with a feature to prevent the page from timing out. This feature was inspired by the Flexibility in Use principle, so that "the design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities." Which guideline is MOST closely aligned with the feature? Provide choice in methods of use Accommodate right or left-handed access and use Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision Provide adaptability to the user's pace

Svar: Provide adaptability to the user's pace.

To meet the Simple and Intuitive Use principle, a web designer has used icons in addition to text for important elements on the page. Which guideline MOST relates to this design decision? Eliminate unnecessary complexity Be consistent with user expectations and intuition Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills Arrange information consistent with its importance

Svar: The correct answer is Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills. The icon provides a secondary way to decode information in addition to text.

The Perceptible Information principle guides us to "provide adequate contrast between essential information." Under the web content accessibility principle of Perceivable, which success criterion is most closely aligned with it? Success Criterion 1.1.1 Non-text Content Success Criterion 1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics Success Criterion 1.4.1 Use of Color Success Criterion 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum)

Svar: The correct answer is SC 1.4.3 Contrast Minimum. Both Universal Design and the WCAG seek to provide sufficient contrast between the foreground and background colors of important information such as text.

Which of the following examples meet the Tolerance for Error principle, where we try to "minimize hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions?" (Select three.) A. In-line error notification B. Ability to save and undo C. A review step prior to submission D. Ability to increase time limits

Svar: A, B, C. D is incorrect as it more closely relates to Principle 2: Flexibility in Use with the guideline "Provide adaptability to the user's pace.

A levered door is an example of the Low Physical Effort principle, as "the design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue." Which guideline MOST closely aligns with the functionality of the levered door? Allow user to maintain a neutral body position Use reasonable operating forces correct Minimize repetitive actions Make the design appealing to all users

Svar: The correct answer is Reasonable operating forces. The levered door handle, as opposed to a door knob, requires less physical force and motion to operate.

When looking for a presentation venue for a speaker who uses a motorized wheelchair, you should follow the Size and Approach for Use principle. Which guidelines of that principles would it be most important to follow? (Select three.) A. Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user. B. Make reach comfortable to all components for any seated or standing user. C. Provide warnings of hazards and errors. D. Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance.

Svar: A, B, and D are the correct responses. A person in a motorized wheelchair will need a clear line of sight to the audience and screen. They will also need to be able to reach things such as a keyboard to advance their slides. And they will need space to maneuver their wheelchair from the point of entry and on the stage.

Ambidextrous scissors are an example of which Universal Design principle?

Svar: Flexibility in use. Accommodating right- or left-handed access and use is a guideline of Principle 2: Flexibility in Use, as it requires that 'the design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.

Ikea instructions are an example of which Universal Design principle?

Svar: Simple and intuitive to use. Using graphical depictions of actions without relying on written text accommodates a wide range of literacy and language skills, which is a guideline of Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use.

The woman in a wheelchair using an automated ticketing system. The interface is at a reachable height with adequate room for her to navigate into and out of the space. This is an example in action of which Universal Design principle?

Svar: Size and Space for Approach and Use. The interface and controls of the automated machine are at a height which "makes reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user" which is a guideline of Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use.

Accessibility benefits individual people by providing them the means to participate in major life activities such as: (Select three.) A. Education B. Social activities C. Employment D. Assistive technologies

Svar: A, B, and C are the correct answers.

A focus on accessibility can be a financial benefit to businesses by Improving public image and reputation Assisting the elderly Reducing information famine Allowing for greater independence

Svar: Improving public image and reputation.

True or false? The cost for individuals to live more dependently is usually greater than the cost of the technologies that would enable them to be independent.

Svar: The correct answer is True. Increasing availability of assistive technologies reduces the societal cost of reduced productivity.

How big is the disability market, in terms of disposable income? $1 billion $11 billion $6 trillion

Svar: $6 trillion

Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust, which spell the acronym POUR, are examples of which WCAG standards?

Svar: Principles

Which technology component of web accessibility meets the following definition: Includes browsers and browser extensions, media players, screen readers, and other assistive technologies and applications that render web content. Should be usable by people with disabilities and should ensure the web content is rendered effectively.

Svar: User agents.

True or false? To conform to the WCAG 2.1 AA standard, all success criteria and all techniques must be met.

Svar: The correct answer is False. The WCAG guidelines provide techniques as guidance. They are informative, and not required.

When a designer is creating the color palette and other visual elements of a website and is keeping in mind the needs of people who are colorblind, which WCAG principle should be uppermost in the designer's plans? Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust

Svar: Perceivable

Recognizes that some people use adaptive techniques or alternative devices that accommodate their disabilities. Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust

Svar: Operable

Enables changing the mode of content, such as from audio to text, so it can be consumed in multiple ways. Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust

Svar: Perceivable

Ensures that HTML code is valid to the standard and so can be used by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust

Svar: Robust

Benefits users who may have difficulty with a pointer device due to tremors, insufficient fine motor control, or lack of hands. Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust

Svar: Operable

Ensures content is available to the human senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust

Svar: Perceivable

True or false? If all the functions of a website can be accessed using only the keyboard, the website is considered operable.

Svar: True

For people with low hearing, pre-recorded videos should include: A. Sign language intepretation B. Captions C. Text alternatives

Svar: B is correct. The audio content of a video should include captions that are synchronized to the action.

Some people need more time than others to use a website, for example to understand the directions or type answers in a form. Which of the following are examples of mechanisms a web developer can use to provide people enough time? (Select three.) A. Create content that can be presented in different ways without losing meaning B. Pause, stop, or hide moving, blinking, or scrolling content C. Postpone or suppress interruptions D. Stop, extend, or adjust time limits E. Make all functionality available from a keyboard

Svar: B, C and D are the correct answers.

On websites where a person can perform a financial transaction or make a legal commitment, which of the following should be available to them? (Select three.) A. Their submissions are reversible. B. Data they enter is checked for errors and they are given the chance to correct them. C. Their data is secured through a two-factor authentication system. D. They can review, confirm, and correct information before submitting it.

Svar: A, B, and D are the correct responses. Under the Understandable principle, users must be able to reverse an action, check their work for errors, and review it before submitting. This is vitally important when their action has financial or legal consequences.

True or false? Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is primarily meant to help teachers design learning that meets the needs of all learners.

Svar: The correct answer is True. The UDL guidelines can assist anyone who plans instruction to reduce barriers, and optimize levels of challenge and support, to meet the needs of all learners.

Multiple means of representation relates to the differences in how learners perceive and comprehend information that is presented to them. Why or What or How?

Svar: What

Multiple means of action and expression recognizes that learners differ in the ways they navigate the learning environment and demonstrate what they know. Why or What or How?

Svar: How

Multiple means of engagement has to do with the differences in how individuals are motivated to learn. Why or What or How?

Svar: Why

Which of the following guidelines of the Universal Design for Learning principle Provide multiple means of representation provide learners various ways of acquiring information and knowledge? (There are three correct answers.) A. Provide options for physical action B. Interact with flexible content that doesn't depend on a single sense like sight, hearing, movement, or touch C. Communicate through languages that create a shared understanding D. Construct meaning and generate new understandings

Svar: B, C, D

Universal Design for Learning principle Provide multiple means of action and expression is meant to help learners navigate, organize, and express their learning. Which of the following guidelines in this principle provides for, and engages, the learner’s executive function? Provide different motor, strategic and organizational options Provide learners with different ways to express what they know Help learners develop deliberate strategies for learning Guideline 7: Optimize individual choice and autonomy

Svar: Help learners develop deliberate strategies for learning.

The Universal Design for Learning principle Provide multiple means of engagement deals with how students are engaged and motivated. Checkpoint 7.1 Optimize individual choice and autonomy recommends offering learners choices that can help them develop self-determination and pride in accomplishment, and increase the degree to which they feel connected to their learning. Which of the following examples BEST facilitates this goal? Choice of activities and tasks Activities that are culturally and socially relevant A range of demands and resources so learners can find challenges that motivate them Activities that encourage self-reflection

Svar: The correct Answer is Choice of activities and tasks. This guideline seeks to provide learners with as much discretion and autonomy as possible by providing choices in such things as the level of perceived challenge and the tools used for information gathering or production.

Learners who need to have text read out loud benefit from the same information presented in different ways. Provide multiple means of ____?

Svar: Provide multiple means of representation. The example is demonstrating providing the same information through different modalities (e.g., through vision, hearing, or touch).

The language of learning materials is usually monolingual, but when the learners in the classroom are not fluent in the dominant language, it is important to provide native language supports. Provide multiple means of ____?

Svar: Provide multiple means of representation. The correct answer is Provide multiple means of representation. For learners with limited proficiency in the language of instruction, providing them with native language alternatives, especially for key information or vocabulary, makes the information accessible to them.

A teacher creates a variety of ways for learners to show what they know, including accepting art projects for an assignment. This is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle? Provide multiple means of ___?

Svar: Provide multiple means of action and expression

User experience focuses on designing products to be effective, efficient, and satisfying, while accessibility primarily focuses on the need to design for people with disabilities. True False

Svar: True

Usability is concerned with the ease of access and use of a product, service, or environment. On which three areas of usability do designers need to focus? (Select three.) A. Users should find it easy and become proficient when using a design interface B. Users should be able to achieve their goal easily through using the design C. Users should be able to learn the interface easily, so that return visits are just as, if not more, easy D. Users should not have to rely on color alone to get information

Svar: A, B, and C are the correct answers. A usable design should achieve three outcomes: it should be easy to use the first time someone encounters it, it should make it easy for someone to accomplish their task, and it should be easy to use subsequent times.

A team creating a new application has asked for your feedback on the user interface design. The designer has added color coding in an attempt to enhance its usability: to support readability, strengthen calls-to-action, and sharpen navigation. Your feedback will help ensure people with disabilities have their needs met with the enhancements. What are some areas you should urge the design team to consider to make the experience usable and accessible? (Select three.) A. Ensure color alone is not the only way to convey information. Use text and shape as well. B. Ensure the color contrast of text between the foreground and background meets or exceeds minimum contrast standards. C. Consider adding icons in addition to color to create an inclusive multi-sensory experience. D. Consider not using color as a design element in the user interface.

Svar: A, B, and C are the correct responses. Color coding can be used in a interface design as long as color is not the sole means of communication and that color contrast minimums are met. The addition of iconography would also support understanding and lower the cognitive load.

The five core components of user experience are: Usability, Accessibility, Desirability, Credibility, Standards-Based Usability, Usefulness, Accessibility, Consistency, Credibility Usability, Usefulness, Desirability, Accessibility, Credibility

Svar: Usability, Usefulness, Desirability, Accessibility, Credibility

Using consistent navigation systems is a great way to improve the usability and accessibility of your website. Which factors of consistent navigation will make the navigation experience more usable and accessible? (Select three.) A. Allows assistive technology users to quickly navigate pages B. Lowers the cognitive load in understanding the features and functionality of pages C. Ensures that repeated components occur in a different order and location on certain pages D. Includes a mechanism to skip over large blocks of links

Svar: A, B, and D are the correct responses. When navigation is consistently placed and ordered throughout a website it enhances the usability of the site and meets SC 3.2.3 of the WCAG.

Focuses on providing equivalent user experiences for people with disabilities. Accessibility Usability and User Experience

Svar: Accessibility

Focuses on creating a highly usable product enables the user to achieve their goals quickly, with minimum fuss or frustration and without error. Accessibility Usability and User Experience

Svar: Usability and User Experience

ISO 9241-11:2018 provides a framework for understanding the concept of usability and applying it to situations where people use interactive systems, and other types of systems (including built environments), and products (including industrial and consumer products) and services (including technical and personal services). Accessibility Usability and User Experience

Svar: Usability and User Experience

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines cover a wide range of recommendations for making web content more accessible. Accessibility Usability and User Experience

Svar: Accessibility

Deals more with technical aspects and the underlying code rather than to the visual appearance of a website. Accessibility Usability and User Experience

Svar: Accessibility

Which of the following type of agreement is binding and governed by international law? Declaration Treaty Convention Resolution

Svar: Treaty

People with disabilities have been protected in human rights laws since the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. True False

Svar: False. The United Nations’ 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was developed in response to concerns that there was no legally binding convention on protecting and recognizing the rights of people with disabilities in the existing human rights declarations and conventions.

Which of the following deals with providing access to print materials for individuals with visually disabilities? Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Convention for the Rights of the Visually Disabled Marrakesh Treaty Paris Treaty

Svar: Marrakesh Treaty

The United States has signed but not yet provided formal confirmation, accession, and ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). True False

Svar: True. The United States signed the UNCRPD on July 30th, 2009. But it has yet to take any formal measures to adopt it.

Which aspects of UNCRPD's Article 9 are MOST relevant to web accessbility? (Select two.) A. In buildings and other facilities open to the public, provide signage in braille and in easy to read and understand forms. B. Provide forms of live assistance and intermediaries, including guides, readers and professional sign language interpreters, to facilitate accessibility to buildings and other facilities open to the public. C. Promote access for persons with disabilities to new information and communications technologies and systems, including the Internet. D. Promote the design, development, production and distribution of accessible information and communications technologies and systems at an early stage, so that these technologies and systems become accessible at minimum cost.

Svar: C and D.

Which of the following addresses accessibility requirements for ICT products and service in the Eurpean Union? Equality Act of 2010 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union EN 301 549 Accessibility Requirements for Public Procuement of ICT Products and Services in Europe

Svar: EN 301 549

Which law recognizes that responsibility for ensuring equal opportunity and nondisrimination belongs to every social and economic sector, region, government, organization, institution, association, and person? Americans with Disabilities act 1990 Ontarians with Disabilities Act of 2001

Svar: Ontarians with Disabilities Act of 2001

The African Charter on Human and People's Rights states that people with disabilities have the right to special protections. True False

Svar: True

What are the main drivers of the legal shift from a welfare or social security model towards anti-discrimination or equality law? (Select two.) A. The 1975 Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities B. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 C. The shift from the medical to the social model of disability D. The 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Svar: C and D are the correct answers.

Article III of the Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities includes the right to comprehensive services for independence and quality of life. True False

Svar: True.

Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act Standards applies to which type of spaces?

Svar: Governmental spaces.

What is Section 508? (Select three.) A. A technical standard B. An IT procurement law C. A requirement for all websites D. Where the term VPAT originates

Svar: A, B, D C is incorrect, because not all sites are subject to the 508 law and standards.

The European Union Web Accessibility Directive establishes the accessibility standard rules for all public sector websites, applications, and documents. True False

Svar: True.

Which of the following are two key aspects of the European Accessibility Act? (Select two.) A. It covers products and services identified as most important for people with disabilities. B. Similar to Japan's JIS X 8341, it provides optional standards for web and other electronic media. C. It provides common rules and minimum requirements for private businesses to make their products and services accessible. D. It provides country-specific rules, meant to encourage local adoption by private businesses.

Svar: A, C.

As an industrial standard, JIS X 8341 is voluntary for business and industry. True False

Svar: True

In which ways do management champions help launch and sustain an accessibility program? (Select four.) A. Building a vision and aligning implementation strategies B. Sustaining ongoing commitment and collaboration C. Outsourcing accessibility responsibilities D. Supporting the programmatic integration of accessibility E. Leading the adoption of an accessibility maturity model .

Svar: A, B, D and E are the correct answers. Champions within the organization become advocates during the accessibility adoption plan and help sustain efforts by engaging their teams, building accessibility into processes, and tracking progress toward best practices

To succeed, ICT accessibility efforts must be well grounded in the organization's culture, process, and practices. True False

Svar: True. Successful ICT efforts must align accessibility with existing organizational approaches; develop and communicate clear, measurable objectives; and engage stakeholders to secure understanding and broad support throughout the organization.

Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model provides five levels for helping an organization benchmark its progress against the ten commitments to accessibility. Which of the following is the proper order of maturity levels? Informal - Defined - Repeatable - Managed - Best practice Defined - Managed - Repeatable - Best practice - Informal Informal - Planned - Initiatiated - Implemented - Best practice - Sustain

Svar: Informal - Defined - Repeatable - Managed - Best practice

A website owner asks the question: "How are we going to handle accessibility on this project?" What are the BEST responses? (Select three.) A. We are going to use a born accessible approach, and design for accessibility from the start. B. We are going to use reusable design and code libraries that will help the developers code for accessibility. C. We will test for accessibility after the site has launched so we don't hold up the project timeline. D. We are going to perform formative and summative evaluations, and include people with disabilities in testing the site.

Svar: A, B, and D are the correct answers.

Disability rights are human rights Flashcards

(177 cards)