Disadvantages

Question 1

Multiplexing

Answer 1

Complexity in managing multiple streams.

Question 2

Demultiplexing

Answer 2

Requires port management.

Question 3

TCP Segment Structure

Answer 3

Higher overhead than UDP.

Question 4

IPv4

Answer 4

Limited addresses; needs NAT.

Question 5

IPv6

Answer 5

Adoption complexity.

Question 6

SMTP

Answer 6

No encryption by default.

Question 7

IMAP

Answer 7

Slower than POP3.

Question 8

Router

Answer 8

Expensive; complex configuration.

Question 9

Critical Section

Answer 9

Requires synchronization.

Question 10

Semaphore

Answer 10

Deadlock risk if misused.

Question 11

Mutex Lock

Answer 11

No priority inversion control.

Question 12

Bounded Buffer Problem

Answer 12

Risk of overflow/underflow.

Question 13

Symmetric Encryption

Answer 13

Key distribution challenge.

Question 14

Asymmetric Encryption

Answer 14

Slow; computationally heavy.

Question 15

Virus

Answer 15

Requires user action.

Question 16

Worm

Answer 16

High network bandwidth use.

Question 17

Trojan Horse

Answer 17

Depends on user deception.

Question 18

DDoS Attack

Answer 18

Requires botnet resources.

Question 19

Phishing

Answer 19

Requires user interaction.

Question 20

Process Control Block (PCB)

Answer 20

Memory overhead.

Question 21

Thread States (Java)

Answer 21

Complex synchronization.