DISASTER MANAGEMENT Flashcards
(24 cards)
Disaster - Definition
Any catastrophe arising from natural or man made causes which results in substantial loss of life, human suffering, destruction of property and degradation of environment.
Disaster Management
It is a continuous and integrated process of planning, organising, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for prevention, mitigation, prompt respone, rehab and resconstruction.
Hazard
The probability of occurence of a potentially damaging phenomena
PM’s 10 Point agenda on DRR
- All development sectors must imbibe the principles of disaster risk management
- Work towards risk coverage for all starting from poor households to SMEs to multi national corporations to nation states.
- Encourage greater involvement and leadership of women in disaster risk management
Mechanisms to deal with disasters
- NDMP, 2016
- NDMA, 2005
- CDRI
- Sendai framework - 2015-2030
Sendai framework 2015 - 2030
- Understanding risk
- Strengthening Risk Governance
- Investing in disaster resilience
- Improving capacities for disaster response
- Build Back Better
UN defines disasters as
A serious disruption of a community or a society functioning, causing widespread human, material, economic and environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
From 2nd ARC -
Crisis may be defined as an emergency situation arising out of natural human activity which poses a threat to human life and property or leads to large scale disruption of normal life.
Stages of DM -
- Pre Crisis - preparedness like construction of disaster resilient infrastructure
- During crisis - requires a speedy response to alleviate and minimise suffering losses
- Post crisis - Recovery - Rehabitilation - Reconstruction
Elements of crisis management
Risk reduction
Quick response
Recovery
Risk reduction
- Creating legal and institutional infrastructure
- Hazard vulnerability analysis
- Capacity builidng of community and govt agencies
- Installing early warning system
Quick response
- Use of trigger mechanism and SOPs
- Immediate rescue and relief
- Coordinating the roles of Voluntary organisation, local bodies and govt. agencies
- Effective information dissemination
Recovery
- Rehab with more sustainable livelihoods
- Building disaster resilient infrastructure
- Focus on weaker sections
- Monitoring, audit and evaluation
Drought
Intro - 60% area of country is susceptible to Drought (Map mandatory).
Pre Disaster -
1. Drought assesssment and risk analysis
2. Early warning and forecasting of drought
3. Drought prone area delineation (low, moderate, high)
4. Judicious use of surface and groundwater
5. Cloud seeding
6. Post harvest management
7. Ensuring adequate grain with the PDS shops
8. Capacity building and training in drought management
9. Community awareness by NGO
10. Separate drought monitoring cells to be created at district level and establishing control room for drought management
11. Crop insurance of farmers under PMFBY to cover pre sowing and post harvest losses
Drought Contd.
During disaster -
1. Relief and response
2. Human health coverage
3. Cattle health care by ensuring availability of quality fodder
Post disaster -
1. micro irrigation systems under PMKSY
2. promoting water conservation practices in the long term
3. Building canals and ponds under MGNREGA
4. Afforestation, reclamation of wasteland and degraged land
5. Crop diversification and special focus on milets like bajra, Jowar and ragi as they are highly drought resistive.
6. Credit via RRB, NABARD for the affected communities
Best practices - Dhara Vikas is an innovative programme to revive and maintain drying springs in the North Eastern state of Sikkim.
A robust climate adaptation strategy for drought- prone districts, Dhara Vikas (meaning, spring shed development) is helping to alleviate the problem of rural water scarcity by reducing surface runoff of rainwater and allowing more water to perlocate down to recharge underground aquifers, which, in turn, ensures increased discharge from springs.
Keywords to be included in answers
- Community based disaster management
- Safer and resilient communities
- Vulnerability
- Capacity development
- Risk assessment
- Risk reduction planning
- Early warning systems
- Post disaster relief
- Constant monitoring
- Multi Stakeholder participation
- Sendai framework in conclusion in ques of disaster mgmt
Cyclones Intro
NDMA guidelines.
Intro - 8% area is vulnerable to cyclones
1. Cyclone - these are intense low pressure areas of the earth atmosphere coupled system under the extreme weather events of the tropics.
2. Long coastline of 7500 km makes India quite vulnerable to cyclones.
3. Map mandatory
Cyclones Intro
NDMA guidelines.
Intro - 8% area is vulnerable to cyclones
1. Cyclone - these are intense low pressure areas of the earth atmosphere coupled system under the extreme weather events of the tropics.
2. Long coastline of 7500 km makes India quite vulnerable to cyclones.
3. Map mandatory
Pre disaster measures Cyclones -
Pre disaster -
1. Hazard zoning and vulnerability assessment
2. Estimation of possible inundation levels
3. Capacty development of communities
4. Non structural measures -
* Early warning systems like Automatic weather systems, doppler radars
* Communication and dissemination systems
* Management of Coastal zones - locating communities and infra in safer areas
* Effective preservation of Mangrove forests and shelter belts under CRZ rulers
* Awareness Generation
Structural measures -
* Structural safety of lifeline infra in coastal areas
* Ensuring cyclone resistant design standards are incorporated in housing schemes in coastal areas
* Ensure availability of adequate shelters, community centres/ schools buildings, places of worship in case of storm surge.
* Provide at least one link road for each village that is accessible during cyclone.
* Maintaining the full design carrying capacity of main drains and canals in frequently inundated areas
* Construction of saline embankments to prevent ingress of saline water associated with storm surge.
* Construction of saline embankments for protection of agriculture crops and important installations along the coast.
* Disaster risk management and capacity development by conducting mock drills and simulation exercises (use anywhere)
During disaster measures - Cyclone
- Emergency search and rescue, special focus on the vulnerable sections
- Medical aid and other essential services and supplies
- Use of corporate sector under CSR funds.
- Involvement of local organisations like PRI, NGOs etc
Post disaster -
- Making changes to DM plan bsed on lessons learned from past experiences
- Rehabilitation and repatriation of people from shelters
- Govt has come up with National cyclone risk mitigation project along with World Bank.
- Establishment of comprehensive cyclone disaster management information systems to provide onlne services to states
PMs 10 point framework part 2
- Invest in risk mapping globally. For mapping risks related to hazards like earthquakes, we have accepted standards and parameters.
- Leverage technology to enhance the effeciency of our disaster risk management efforts.
- Develop a network of universities to work on disaster issues.
7.
PMs 10 point framework part 3
Utilise the oppurtunities provided by social media and mobile technologies.
8. Build on local capacity and initiative.
9. Opportunity to learn from a disaster must not be wasted. After every disaster, there are papers on lessons that are rarely applied.
10. Bring about greater cohesion in international response to disasters.
Sendai framework part 2
- Ex ante investment in pre disaster time is prudent than just focussing on response and relief.
- Capacity building of local self govt. would ensure participative disaster management.
- CAG said performance of NDMA is abysmal as the effectiveness of NDRF has been hampered by a shortage of trained manpower, training, infra. and equipment.
