Discrimination Flashcards
Lesson 11 (17 cards)
What was the result of the Ayres and Siegelman (1995) study on used car sales?
Black women paid $900 more than white men.
This study highlighted discrimination in negotiations based on race and gender.
What was the success rate increase for female musicians in symphony orchestras after implementing blind auditions?
Success rate of female musicians increased by 160%.
This finding by Goldin and Rouse (2000) emphasized the effectiveness of removing gender markers in auditions.
How do online identities affect discrimination on platforms?
They can facilitate discrimination while also making interactions feel more comfortable.
This dual effect is particularly relevant on platforms that display personal details.
What was the finding regarding hiring biases in the online labor market?
Positive hiring bias for women compared to men.
The bias decreases with employer experience and is larger for female-stereotyped tasks.
What was the result of the audit study on Uber and Lyft regarding cancellations based on rider names?
Uber drivers canceled rides more often when the rider’s name sounded African-American.
Lyft showed no significant difference in cancellation rates due to names.
In the Airbnb audit study, how much less likely were hosts to accept requests from guests with African-American sounding names?
16% less likely.
This result was consistent across host sizes and more pronounced for hosts without prior African-American guests.
What impact does managerial response (MR) have on hotel reviews?
Share of negative reviews from women decreases after hotels start using MR.
Women perceive MR as a source of conflict, leading to less representation of their experiences.
What are some strategies to combat discrimination on platforms?
- Careful tracking of user demographics
- Maintain an experimental mindset
- Automate transaction processes
- Make discrimination policies more visible
- Ensure algorithms are discrimination-aware
What effect does Instant Book have on Airbnb hosts?
It increases demand by 14%, particularly benefiting black hosts.
This comes at the cost of somewhat decreased ratings.
What is a key issue with algorithms in online platforms?
Algorithms can replicate biases present in their training data.
Examples include racial discrimination in background checks and gender bias in job ads.
What societal impacts can platforms like Uber and Lyft have?
- Improved access to transportation for minorities
- Increased competition affecting taxi medallion holders
- Changes in public transport acceptance
What was the estimated overall welfare loss in NYC due to Airbnb in 2018?
$2.4 billion.
The burden falls most on white, highly-educated renters with high income.
How do platforms utilize algorithmic management?
They use reputation from reviews to affect search rankings and matching.
This impacts how platform workers value their ratings.
True or False: Ridesharing has been shown to reduce fatalities.
True.
The impact varies depending on the type of ridesharing (affordable vs. premium).
Fill in the blank: The same information that may facilitate comfort in interactions can also lead to _______.
[discrimination]
What is the importance of recognizing biases in platform design?
Many biases are unintended and can have significant societal impacts.
What is a significant finding from the study by Holtz et al. (2022) regarding freelancers on Upwork?
Freelancers value a 5-star review at an average willingness-to-accept of $49.
