discussion

Question 1

what is heat capacity

Answer 1

the energy required per unit mass per unit temperature rise

Question 2

why is the heat capacity of water so high

Answer 2

hydrogen bonds

Question 3

how is temperature different from heat

Answer 3

heat is energy

temperature is the response to input of energy

Question 4

how much does salinity change throughout the ocean

Answer 4

34.3-36.0 pp thousand

Question 5

what makes the ocean more or less salty

Answer 5

precipitation/run off

evaporation

Question 6

what are the main properties that determine the density of seawater

Answer 6

salinity
temperature
pressure

Question 7

where in the ocean is the water densest

Answer 7

at the bottom, below pycnocline/thermocline

Question 8

what influences water movement

Answer 8

water flows around density surfaces

Question 9

what is the deepest penetrating wavelength of light

Answer 9

blue

Question 10

what is the most efficient way to transmit waves

Answer 10

soundwaves

Question 11

why are soundwaves more efficient

Answer 11

not absorbed by water molecules- travel fast as molecules packed together

Question 12

looking down on the north pole which direction does the planet spin

Answer 12

anticlockwise

Question 13

why is earth not a perfect sphere

Answer 13

centrifugal force changes the effective gravity

Question 14

if a ball is travelling northward in the southern hemisphere, which direction does the Coriolis force defect the ball

Answer 14

west

Question 15

what is the path of a ball in the southern hemisphere

Answer 15

circles

Question 16

what forces balance leasing to the net southward flow of the California current

Answer 16

wind stress, pressure gradient

Question 17

what does it mean to be in geostrophic balance

Answer 17

forces are balanced between wind stress and coriolis

Question 18

what is Ekman transport

Answer 18

the net movement of water in geostrophic balance

Question 19

if the wind blows clockwise around Antartica what is the net flow of water and why

Answer 19

clockwise

geostrophic balance of wind, Coriolis and pressure gradient

Question 20

does the gulf stream carry more of less heat than the Californian current

Answer 20

more

Question 21

if the oceans circulate around the edges of the boundaries, what happens to the water in the ocean basin

Answer 21

subduction in ocean gyres

Question 22

where is water brought from to replace surface water at the edges of ocean basins

Answer 22

water from deep ocean

Question 23

where are the worlds more productive fisheries

Answer 23

upwelling is greatest

Question 24

what are the main forces that causes tides

Answer 24

gravitational force from moon and sun

Question 25

why are there two tidal bulges on opposite sides of the earth

Answer 25

inertia | centrifugal force

Question 26

why don't all coasts get 2 high and low tides per day

Answer 26

moon changes angle relative to the earth moon and sun move quickly so cannot reach equilibrium continents block way amphidromic pints

Question 27

what is the primary force causing surface waves

Answer 27

wind

Question 28

what are the primary restoring force for most waves

Answer 28

gravity

Question 29

name a short wavelength wave

Answer 29

capillary

Question 30

name a long wavelength wave

Answer 30

tidal tsunami seiche seismic

Question 31

when is a wave deep

Answer 31

wavelength smaller than depth of ocean | speed proportional to depth

Question 32

when is a wave shallow

Answer 32

wavelength longer than depth | speed proportional to wavelength

Question 33

how does the length and speed of internal waves differ from surface waves

Answer 33

longer wavelength | slower as a smaller density difference

Question 34

what generates internal waves

Answer 34

breaking on continental slope

Question 35

hydrogen bonds are important to the ocean because they affect

Answer 35

the heat capacity of water the ability of water to dissolve salts the surface tension at the surface ocean

Question 36

the ocean surface over a deep ocean

Answer 36

dips

Question 37

a southward blowing wind off the west coast of California makes the surface water move

Answer 37

offshore

Question 38

the geostrophic current along Californian coast goes

Answer 38

south

Question 39

the time interval between successive high tides is not exactly 12 hours at most ports because

Answer 39

the moon orbits around the Earth while the Earth is rotating on its own axis