Discussion Quiz 2 Flashcards
Neutralization Reactions:
Special type of acid-base reaction
acid + base → salt + H2O(l)
The net ionic equation for strong acid – strong base:
H+ (aq) + OH−(aq) → H2 O(l)
Driving force for neutralization
formation of H2O, which has
very strong O-H bonds
Gas Forming Reactions:
Carbonates, sulfites, and sulfides react with acids:
CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
CaSO3 (s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2 O(l) + SO2 (g)
Na2S(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + H2 S(g)
Redox reactions
involve a species which is oxidized and another that is reduced
Redox Reactions example:
Cu2+ + Zn»_space; Zn2+ + Cu
Cu 2+ is reduced to Cu. Cu 2+ is the oxidizing
agent. Redox is a battle for electrons.
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Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
LEO says GER:
Loss of electrons: Oxidation
Gain of electrons: Reduction
Coulomb’s Law/ Potential Energy Results:
+/− attraction > +/+ and −/− repulsion
Why do salts dissolve in water?
Solvation Energy is greater than Lattice Energy
Coulomb’s Law
Potential = U = constant × (Q1Q2)/d
Q1: charge on cation Q2: charge on anion
d: distance between
the ions
Solvation Energy
Energy of
attractions between ions and
water.
Lattice Energy
Energy of attractions between cations
and anions in salt lattice
Driving Force of Precipitation Reactions:
The driving force is the formation of an insoluble solid
Energy Involved
in Salts Dissolving In Water
- Breaking bonds requires energy (endothermic),
such as disrupting ion-ion attractions in lattice.
Coulomb’s Law predicts Lattice Energy
-Forming bonds releases energy (exothermic),
such as forming ion-water attractions
Solvation Energy
-The identity of the salt determines the magnitude of these energy changes and whether that salt is soluble in water (or not).
Strong Acids
Completely Ionize in Water
HBr hydrobromic acid
HCl hydrochloric acid
HI hydroiodic acid
HNO3 nitric acid
HClO4 perchloric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
