Disease

Question 1

How do virus’ cause pathogenic effects

Answer 1

Cell lysis
Productions of toxins
Cell transformation (cancer causing)
Suppress immune system

Question 2

Name two bacterial diseases

Answer 2

Cholera

Tuberculosis

Question 3

Name two viral diseases

Answer 3

Smallpox

Influenza

Question 4

Name a protoctistal disease

Answer 4

Malaria

Question 5

How is cholera transmitted and treated

Answer 5

Transmitted through dirty water and toxins cause severe diarrhoea and dehydration. Treatment is fluids and salts

Question 6

How is TB transmitted and treated

Answer 6

Transmitted through airborne droplets of sputem. Causes death by respiratory failure. Treated with an extended course of antibiotics and isolation

Question 7

How is smallpox transmitted and treated

Answer 7

Transmitted by inhalation or saliva. Treatment was largely ineffective so it was wiped out by vaccination

Question 8

How is influenza transmitted and treated

Answer 8

Transmitted though airborne droplets of mucus. Causes throat pain and fever. Symptoms are usually treated and infection is allowed to run its course.

Question 9

How is malaria transmitted and treated

Answer 9

Transmitted through mosquitos which act as vectors. Most effective treatment is Artemisinin but resistance is increasing

Question 10

What is antigenic drift

Answer 10

Minor changes to virus, immune system may still recognise is

Question 11

What is antigenic shift

Answer 11

Large changes to virus. immune system no longer recognises it, makes it more dangerous

Question 12

Why is there a vaccine for the measles virus but not for influenza

Answer 12

Measles virus’ rarely undergo genetic drift but in influenza it is far more common

Question 13

Define pathogenic

Answer 13

an organism that causes damages to its host

Question 14

Define infectious

Answer 14

a disease that may be passed or transmitted from one individual to another

Question 15

Define carrier

Answer 15

a person who shows no symptoms when infected by a disease but can pass it on

Question 16

Define a disease reservoir

Answer 16

where a pathogen is normally found, ie. a human, animal or source of infection

Question 17

Define endemic

Answer 17

a disease that is always present in low levels

Question 18

Define an epidemic

Answer 18

where there is a significant increase in the usual number of cases of a disease often associated with a rapid spread

Question 19

Define a pandemic

Answer 19

an epidemic occurring over a large area crossing international boundaries

Question 20

Define a vaccine

Answer 20

Uses non-pathogenic methods of inducing an immune response in an individual to provide them with future immunity to the pathogen

Question 21

Define antibiotics

Answer 21

substances produced by microorganisms to affect the growth of other microorganisms

Question 22

Define antibiotic resistance

Answer 22

where a microorganism which should be affected by a microorganism no longer is

Question 23

Define a vector

Answer 23

a living organism which transfers disease from one individual to another

Question 24

Define a toxin

Answer 24

is a chemical produced by a microorganism which causes damage to its host

Question 25

Define an antigen

Answer 25

a molecule that causes an immune response on a pathogen’s membrane

Question 26

Define antigenic types

Answer 26

organisms with the same of very similar antigens on the surface. Such types are sub-groups or strains of a microbial species