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Flashcards in Disease and Immunity Deck (15)
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1
Q

Define disease

A

?any condition which impairs any normal bodily functions except those caused by bodily injury.
Each disease has a recognisable cause and produces symptoms

2
Q

What are the two types of diseases

A

Infectious and Non-Infectious

3
Q

Define an infectious disease

A

disease which cannot be spread from one individual to another
includes genetic and lifestyle-caused diseases

4
Q

Define a Non-Infectious disease

A

diseases cause by another organism (pathogens): these diseases can be transmitted from one organism to another

5
Q

What is the difference between a cellular and non-cellular disease?

A

a non-cellular disease requires host to survive. A host cell supplies the necessary organelles fro a non-cellular agent to reproduce
a cellular disease can be single or multi-cellular, and are able to reproduce on their own

6
Q

Define Prions

A

misfolded infectious proteins that can propagate by causing misfolding in the original protein type
Spread by eating contaminated meat or cannibalising brain tissue

7
Q

Define Viruses

A

Viruses are infectious agents that infect living cells and use the cells replication machinery to copy themselves

8
Q

Define Bacteria

A

single-celled prokaryotic organisms. The vast majority of bacteria are harmless and necessary for life on earth
bacteria can cause disease by entering a host and adversely affect tissue and can produce toxins

9
Q

Define Fungal diseases

A

rare in animals, but can cause infections that are long lasting and difficult to treat
they spread by spores and are generally chronic

10
Q

Define a pathogen

A

any disease-producing agent, especially a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism

11
Q

What is the difference between non-specific defence and specific defence?

A

non-specific defences are general mechanism that try to protect against all and any pathogens, while specific defences mechanisms that defend against specific pathogens

12
Q

Outline the First line of defence

A

Non-specific. Physical and chemical barriers

eg- skin, tears, mucus and saliva

13
Q

Outline the Second line of defence

A

Non-specific. Utilised in the event of the failure of the first line of defence
White-blood cells are the most common form of second-line defence

14
Q

What are some Second-line mechanisms of defence?

A

White-Blood Cells, Phagocytes, inflammation, fever and blood clotting, neutrophils, natural killer cells, compliment proteins and interferons

15
Q

Define White Blood Cells

A

Also called Leukocytes. Produced in the bone-marrow and carried in the blood
Neutrophils (phagocytes), Eosinophils (detoxify foreign particles), Basophils (produce histamine), lymphocytes (produce antibodies) and Monocytes (develop into macrophages)