Disease and the immune system Flashcards
(27 cards)
What type of disease can pathogens cause?
Communicable and non communicable
What is the definition of disease?
Disease is a condition which effects the normal functioning of an organism.
What are the types of pathogens?
Bacterial, virus, Fungi, protocistia
What type of pathogen is responsible for TB (tuberculosis) and what does it normally effect?
bacterium (mycrobacterium called tuberculosis bacteria) and effects the respiratory system in animals, humans and cattle.
How can TB be treated?
Atibiotics (there are som resistance strains of TB)
How does the immune system react to TB
Heathy people: WBC called macrophages engulf the bacteria through phagocytosis
Tissue mass is formed around infected site called a tubercle - heals the infected region after 3-8 weeks
Bacteria can last in the body util the immune system gets weakened = active TB
What causes Bacterial Meningitis?
Bacteria infection caused by STREPTOCOCCUS pneumonia that effects humans protective membranes of the surface of the brain.
What are the symptoms of Bacterial Meningitis?
Purple red rash that does not disappear when pressed with glass
How can bacteria Meningitis be treated?
Antibiotics if treated early and there are some vaccine on some strains.
What causes Ring Rot and what does it effect?
A bacterium infection of potatoes and tomatoes which causes a ring of decay in the vascular tissue.
What causes HIV and AIDS?
A viral infection in humans what destroys the immune systems by targeting t-helper cells.
How is HIV spread?
Unprotected sex, Shared needles, Bodily fluids, Pregnancy, birth, breast-feeding.
Is there a cure for HIV?
No cure but can give anti-retrovial drugs that slows the process of it developing into aids
What causes influenza?
Caused by a virus of the ciliated epithelium cells in the gas exchange system that affects humans. kills the cells leaving the airway open to other diseases.
What causes Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
It is a plant virus infection that causes moulding and discolouration of leaves
What causes Black Sigatoka?
a FUNGAL infection in banana plants that causes spots that reduce the yield.
What causes Ring worm?
Funcal disease that effects cattle that causes grey white crusty areas of skin.
what is athletes foot?
A fungi infection that grows on and digests warm moist skin between the toes.
How can athletes food be treated?
Antifungal cream.
What is Blight?
It is a protoctist infection of tomato and potatoes.
What is Malaria?
It is a protoctist infection travelled by a vector (mosquito) which causes headache and fever or coma.
How can you prevent malaria?
Nets, bug repellants, incectorsides.
What are primary, non specific defences?
Skin
Skin flora
Mucous membranes
Lysozyme (tears)
Blood clotting
Inflammatory response
Fever
How do fevers prevent pathogens from entering?
The core body temp is 37° this is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain
During infection, body temp raised so pathogens can’t reproduce as quickly
