Disease Diffusion

Question 1

What causes the spread of disease?

Answer 1

Crowded living conditions
Unclean water
Low income
Inadequate education

Question 2

What are the 4 main types of disease diffusion?

Answer 2

Expansion
Relocation
Contagious
Hierarchical

Question 3

Describe expansion diffusion:

Answer 3

Disease has a source and spreads into new areas
Source area stays infected
(E.G. TB outbreak)

Question 4

Describe relocation diffusion:

Answer 4

Disease leaves origin area

E.G. HIV

Question 5

Describe contagious diffusion:

Answer 5

Spread occurs through direct contact with others

E.G. Ebola

Question 6

Describe hierarchical diffusion:

Answer 6

Disease spreads from large urban areas to smaller ones (transport links etc..)
(E.G. SAARS)

Question 7

Define disease diffusion:

Answer 7

Process by which disease spreads outwards beyond its geographical source

Question 8

Who made the diffusion model that we looked at?

Answer 8

Hagerstrand

Question 9

What shape was the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model?

Answer 9

S shaped curve

Question 10

What are the (3) most important concepts of Hagerstrand’s Diffusion Model?

Answer 10

Neighbourhood Effect
S shape represents number of people infected
Physical barriers interrupt progress

Question 11

What are the 4 stages of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model?

Answer 11

Primary
Expansion
Condensation
Saturation

Question 12

What is the Neighbourhood Effect?

Answer 12

People living in close proximity have a greater probability of contraction

Question 13

Describe the primary stage of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model:

Answer 13

Disease begins to grow and spread

Diffusion rate is slow bc few have the disease

Question 14

Describe the expansion (diffusion) stage of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model:

Answer 14

Rapid acceleration in disease diffusion (hierarchical diffusion)

Question 15

Describe the condensation stage of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model:

Answer 15

Most people have the disease -> spread is limited

Question 16

Describe the saturation stage of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model:

Answer 16

Disease diffusion rate slows right down

Disease incidences reaches its peak

Question 17

What are some of the criticisms of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model?

Answer 17

No eradication stage (stage 5)

No resurgence stage (e.g. measles due to anti-vac beliefs)

Question 18

What are some of the physical barriers to disease?

Answer 18

Distance
Mountains
Oceans
Deserts

Question 19

What are some of the human barriers to disease?

Answer 19

Political border checks
Quarantine
Education
Mass vaccination

Question 20

What human factors hinder disease management?

Answer 20

Social stigma (HIV = Gay disease)
Poor food/water source
Poverty
Cost of medicine
Lack of education