Disease flashcards

Question 1

Define epidemiology

Answer 1

How, where and why disease occur

And how they are controlled

Question 2

What are the major causes of non communicable disease?

Answer 2

Nutrition
Lifestyle
Genetic Inheritance

Question 3

What two diseases cause 2/3 of all premature deaths in UK?

Answer 3

CVD

Cancer

Question 4

Define zootonic disease and give an example:

Answer 4

Transmitted from animals to humans

Rabies

Question 5

Define endemic:

Answer 5

Exists permanently within an area/population

Question 6

Define epidemic and give an example:

Answer 6

Disease outbreak that attacks many people at the same time

Ebola - March 2014

Question 7

Define pandemic and give an example:

Answer 7

Global epidemic

Black Death - 14th century

Question 8

Define infectious disease:

Answer 8

Spread by pathogens (bacteria/virus)

Transmitted from person to person

Question 9

Define non infectious disease:

Answer 9

Not communicable

Question 10

Define communicable disease:

Answer 10

Infectious disease that spread from person to person but do not require quarantine

Question 11

Define non communicable disease:

Answer 11

Not spread from person to person

Causes relate to lifestyle etc..

Question 12

Define contagious disease:

Answer 12

Infectious disease easily spread through direct or indirect contact between people (typhoid/Ebola)

Question 13

Define non contagious disease:

Answer 13

Cannot be spread through contact

Question 14

What is sleeping sickness?

Answer 14

A Sub- Saharan African endemic

Caused by parasites transmitted within a tsetse fly

Question 15

Give an example of an epidemic disease with facts

Answer 15

Ebola 2014
West Africa
11 310 deaths
39.5% fatality rate

Question 16

Give an example of a degenerative disease

Answer 16

CVD (heart attack, stroke)
Cancer
Respiratory disease

Question 17

Facts about malaria

disease type, vector, no. at risk, location

Answer 17

Infectious (not contagious)
Found in Africa/Latin America
3.2 billion people at risk
Transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes

Question 18

Facts about HIV

disease type, spread, stats

Answer 18

Contagious and infectious
Spread through blood/semen
35 million infected worldwide (2015)

Question 19

Facts about TB

disease type, spread, stat

Answer 19

Infectious, highly contagious
Spreads in poverty and overcrowded living conditions
95% of deaths in LIDCs

Question 20

Facts about diabetes

disease type, cause, stat, type 1 vs 2

Answer 20

Non communicable disease
Insulin deficiency
4 million deaths annually
Type 1: Hereditary
Type 2: Poor lifestyle

Question 21

Facts about cardiovascular disease

(types of CVD, stat, causes

Answer 21

Heart disease, stroke, angina
Major cause of morbidity in AC ageing populations
Causes link to tobacco, poor diet, physical inactivity
17 million deaths per year

Question 22

What causes the spread of disease?

Answer 22

Crowded living conditions
Unclean water
Low income
Inadequate education

Question 23

What are the 4 main types of disease diffusion?

Answer 23

Expansion
Relocation
Contagious
Hierarchical

Question 24

Describe expansion diffusion:

Answer 24

Disease has a source and spreads into new areas
Source area stays infected
(E.G. TB outbreak)

Question 25

Describe relocation diffusion:

Answer 25

Disease leaves origin area | E.G. HIV

Question 26

Describe contagious diffusion:

Answer 26

Spread occurs through direct contact with others | E.G. Ebola

Question 27

Describe hierarchical diffusion:

Answer 27

Disease spreads from large urban areas to smaller ones (transport links etc..) (E.G. SAARS)

Question 28

Define disease diffusion:

Answer 28

Process by which disease spreads outwards beyond its geographical source

Question 29

Who made the diffusion model that we looked at?

Answer 29

Hagerstrand

Question 30

What shape was the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model?

Answer 30

S shaped curve

Question 31

What are the (3) most important concepts of Hagerstrand's Diffusion Model?

Answer 31

Neighbourhood Effect S shape represents number of people infected Physical barriers interrupt progress

Question 32

What are the 4 stages of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model?

Answer 32

Primary Expansion Condensation Saturation

Question 33

What is the Neighbourhood Effect?

Answer 33

People living in close proximity have a greater probability of contraction

Question 34

Describe the primary stage of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model:

Answer 34

Disease begins to grow and spread | Diffusion rate is slow bc few have the disease

Question 35

Describe the expansion (diffusion) stage of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model:

Answer 35

Rapid acceleration in disease diffusion (hierarchical diffusion)

Question 36

Describe the condensation stage of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model:

Answer 36

Most people have the disease -> spread is limited

Question 37

Describe the saturation stage of the Hagerstrand Diffusion Model:

Answer 37

Disease diffusion rate slows right down | Disease incidences reaches its peak

Question 38

What global climate patterns affect disease spread (and how)?

Answer 38

Temperature (Vector development) | Precipitation (thrive in stagnant water)

Question 39

What other physical factors affect the spread of disease (and how)?

Answer 39

``` Relief (High altitude is too cold for mosquitoes) Water source (Stagnant water increases prevalence of water borne disease) ```

Question 40

What seasonal variations affect disease outbreak?

Answer 40

Colder weather -> influenza is more common | Vector borne diseases peak during rainy seasons

Question 41

How does climate change provide conditions for infectious diseases to spread?

Answer 41

Warmer/wetter conditions -> vector borne disease can spread more

Question 42

What increases spread of Zootonic disease to humans:

Answer 42

Free movement of animals Urbanisation brings animal habitats closer to humans Poor hygiene/sanitation