Disease + Immunity

Question 1

Ring Rot - Pathogen

Answer 1

Clavibacter michiganensis
(Bacterial)

Question 2

Ring Rot - Symptoms

Answer 2

Damage to leaves, tubers and fruit
Field unable to regrow potatoes for up to 2 years

Question 3

Ring Rot - Prevention

Answer 3

No known cure

Question 4

Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Symptoms

Answer 4

Blackened areas on leaves where cells are destroyed
Lack of photosynthesis (light not absorbed) —> stunted growth and reduced crop yields

Question 5

Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Prevention

Answer 5

Resistant crop strains
No known cure

Question 6

Potato Blight - Pathogen

Answer 6

Phytophthora Infestans
(Fungus-like protist)

Question 7

Potato Blight - Symptoms

Answer 7

Hyphae invade and digest host cells
Damage to leaves, tubers and fruit
Reduced crop yields

Question 8

Potato Blight - Prevention

Answer 8

Resistant crop strains
Some chemical treatments - no known cure

Question 9

Black Sigatoka - Pathogen

Answer 9

Mycosphaerella Fijiensis
(Fungus)

Question 10

Black Sigatoka - Symptoms

Answer 10

Digests cells - turn black
Reduced crop yields + stunted growht

Question 11

Black Sigatoka - Prevention

Answer 11

Fungicide
Resistant crop strains

Question 12

Tuberculosis - Pathogen

Answer 12

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Bacteria)

Question 13

Tuberculosis - Symptoms

Answer 13

Damage to lung tissue
Suppressed immune system
1.3mn deaths in 2012
Can be latent - stays in body for long time before symptoms appear

Question 14

Tuberculosis - Prevention

Answer 14

Antibiotics
Vaccination
Living standards / conditions

Question 15

Meningitis - Pathogen

Answer 15

Streptococcus Pneumoniae OR
Neisseria meningitidis
(Bacteria)

Question 16

Meningitis - Symptoms

Answer 16

Infection of meninges of brain
Septicaemia if spreads in bloodstream
Blotchy red/purple rash - does not turn white under pressure
10% death rate

Question 17

Meningitis - Prevention

Answer 17

Vaccination
Antibiotics

Question 18

HIV / AIDS - Symptoms

Answer 18

Heavily suppressed immune system - secondary infections common
Targets T-Helper cells
Retroviral: RNA turned into DNA in host cell

Question 19

HIV / AIDS - Prevention

Answer 19

No known cure
Barrier contraception e.g. condoms
Anti-retroviral drugs slow down the virus

Question 20

Influenza - Pathogen

Answer 20

Orthomyxoviridiae spp.
(Virus)

Question 21

Influenza - Symptoms

Answer 21

Damages and kills tracheal ciliated epithelium
Chances for secondary infections
Class A is most virulent

Question 22

Influenza - Prevention

Answer 22

Annual vaccinations
Immunity after infection
No known cure

Question 23

Malaria - pathogen

Answer 23

Plasmodium
(Protist)

Question 24

Malaria - Symptoms

Answer 24

Spread via mosquitoes (vectors)
Headaches, fatigue, loss of appetite
Damages blood cells
600,000 deaths per year

Question 25

Malaria - prevention

Answer 25

No known vaccine or cure
Mosquito nets / repellents
Remove standing water
Insecticides

Question 26

Ring Worm - Pathogen

Answer 26

Trichophyton Verrucosum
(Fungus)

Question 27

Ring Worm - Symptoms

Answer 27

Grey-white, crusty, circular areas of skin
Not damaging - itchy

Question 28

Ring Worm - Prevention

Answer 28

Antifungal creams
Avoid skin contact

Question 29

Athlete’s Foot - Pathogen

Answer 29

Tinia Pedia
(Fungus)

Question 30

Athlete’s Foot - Symptoms

Answer 30

Grows on and digest moist skin between toes
Cracking and scaling - itchy or sore

Question 31

Athlete’s Foot - Prevention

Answer 31

Antifungal creams
Avoid skin contact