Disease of Skin Flashcards

Question

3-10mm bruise

Answer 1

Skin is the site of thermal, chemical, electrical and UV burns Classified by thickness: -1st degree—damage limited to epidermis - 2nd degree: damage extending into superficial dermis - 3rd degree: full thickness

Answer 2

- anesthesia - loss of fluid - 3rd spacing (fluid build up in interstitum) - Prone to infections, esp Pseudomonas - No regeneration of structure - Heat loss - Hyper metabolic state - Hypovolmeia

Answer 3

Baux index = % of Body burned + age + 17 - if >140 likely to die Each part equal 9% of total SA - Head - Right arm - Left arm - Chest - Abdomen - Upper back - Lower back - Right thigh - Left thigh - Right leg - Left leg This rule applies to people over 15 and less than 75 of age - All children should be treated (may die with an index of 20)

Answer 4

Sun burns basically

Answer 5

Treatment involves recurrent debridement to reduce scaring, skin-grafts and cosmetic reconstruction - Underlying replacement by scar-formation - Injured area lose sensation, and dermal structures - Burned area are predisposed to develop squamous cancer later in life

Answer 6

- Frostnip (red) - Superficial frostbite (gets whitish blister/pimple) - Deep frostbite (turn dark and black)

Answer 7

Skin infections may access blood vessels and become disseminated. - Angio-invasive infections, particularly by fungi (eg., Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Mucor) are exceptionally common in immuno- compromised patients (eg., following hematopoietic stem cell transplants, severe burns, or traumatic debridement), and can have mortalities of ~90% Skin infections are virtually universal and represent an under-appreciated source of morbidity and mortality - All skin infections should be treated as potentially serious

Answer 8

Viruses: Relatively common - Herpes simplex, chickenpox/shingles, warts, measles Bacteria: Extremely common and of variable severity - impetigo, acne vulgaris, erysipelas, cellulitis, abscess) - Most skin bacteria are anaerobic Fungi: Often opportunistic - Tinea, superficial and/or deep infections Parasites: (worms, fleas, scabies) Bites and venoms

Answer 9

Infectious lesions caused by human pailloma virus - Infectious and can be transmitted & acquired by contact - Warts-associated HPVs have low oncogenic potential - Most are self-limiting and disappear within a year Form of wart depend upon which HPV - V. vulgaris—HPV 2 and - V. plantaris—HVP 1 (bottom of foot) - Condyloma acuminatum—HPV 6 and 11 (80%)

Answer 10

Cold sore - Very Infectious - Self limiting

Answer 11

Caused by DNA virus (chicken pox) - Until recently, common childhood infection (chicken pox); now most children vaccinated - Natural disease in children (‘chicken pox’) -- relatively benign and self-limited; results in immunity. Infection of adults can have significant adverse consequences Following acute infection; virus becomes latent in nerve cell bodies - re-activation of infection in adult (shingles) show PAINFUL eruption along dermatomes - May result in persistent post-herpetic neuralgia Adults having disease or vaccination during childhood may lose immunity and should consider re-vaccination

Answer 12

Highly infectious: occurs mostly in young children - Primary cause is Staph. aureus; may be caused by Group A Strep - Appears as red lesions around nose and mouth; soon develop yellow-brown (honey-colored) crust from dried serum - Highly responsive to antibiotics - May rarely develop into cellulities - Persistent impetigo may lead to immune complex GN

Answer 13

immune-complex GN

Answer 14

Skin Fungus; near genital, inner thighs, and buttocks - itchy, red, often ring-shaped rash in the groin area.

Answer 15

Ringworm of the body; rash caused by fun - t's usually an itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle

Answer 16

Ringworm of the scalp - Is a skin disorder that affects children almost exclusively - Itching, scaly, inflammed balding - Persistent and very contagious.

Answer 17

Diaper Rash (not changed regularly) - Fungal infection caused by a yeast (a type of fungus) called Candida

Answer 18

Looks very very clear. God it's stuck in my brain now

Answer 19

- intense itching and a pimple-like skin rash. - Show up in the flectur point

Answer 20

Venom of a brown recluse can cause a severe lesion by destroying skin tissue (skin necrosis) - There is no antivenom for it

Answer 21

Venom of a brown recluse can cause a severe lesion by destroying skin tissue (skin necrosis) - There is no antivenom for it

Answer 22

- Type I hypersensitivity—hay fever, bee sting - Type II hypersensitivity—cytotoxic cell reactions (eg., bullous pemphigoid) - Type III hypersensitivity—deposition of pre-existing antibody-antigen complexes at basement membrane - Type IV-hypersensitivity—contact dermatitis (poison ivy, jewelry, clothes)

Answer 23

Cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity - Acquired through exposure - Based on specific immunologic alteration requiring an incubation period of several days - About eight to ninety six-hours required after exposure for reaction in already sensitized tissue

Answer 24

Sensitization by A broadens and brings on sensitivity to other materials B and C - They may seem dissimilar but are related through some chemical group that acts as common denominator

Answer 25

A condition in which lightly scratching your skin causes raised, red lines where you've scratched.

Answer 26

bluish color in the skin, lips, and nail beds caused by a shortage of oxygen in the blood

Answer 27

skin is cherry red

Answer 28

gonna result in argyria; which is discolorlation - Will not go away

Answer 29

Benign - Warts - Seborrheic keratosis - Nevi - Angioma Malignant - Basal cell carcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma - Malignant melanoma - Angiosarcoma - Lymphoma

Answer 30

Will stay benign; Change in the pigment of skin (discoloration of some areas)

Answer 31

Premalignant lesion caused by UVA and UVB-induced mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene - Actinic damage is cumulative with large mutational burden - Occurs primarily of body parts with high sun exposure - Lesions have a sandpaper-like feel when rubbed - 20% of untreated lesions progress to squamous Ca - Primary treatment in US is cyrotherapy or 5-FU (cannot go out in sun)

Answer 32

Occurs primarily on sun-exposed skin, most commonly on the face; UV etiology (actinic) - Associated with loss-of-function mutation of PTCH1 (not important) - Appears as raised, 'WAXY' lesion with small blood vessels (telangiectasias) over it's surface; may be pigmented - Central erosion and jagged margin (‘rodent ulcer’) - Arises from basal cell layer of epidermis and invades LATERALLY; Locally aggressive - Rarely metastasizes - Surgery with wide margins is usually curative (Mohs surgery), but >40% will have another BCC within 5 years >1M BCCs treated in US annually; BCC is 40-fold more common near the equator

Answer 33

Relatively common on sun-exposed skin, X-radiation and with chronic arsenic poisoning. - Incidence increase with immuno suppression (eg.organ transplant recipients) - Can happen following burns or chronic ulcers (increased potential for metastasis in this setting) - Mutation in genes affecting orderly maturation of keratinocytes (TP52, Notch) Most found on face, particularly lower lip - When occurring in mucosal membranes—tobacco, chronic alcohol consumption. Metastasis from this location is frequent - <1% have metastasized at time of discovery Treatment is surgical. May require adjuvant therapy such as radical lymph node dissection

Answer 34

Arises from melanocytes (neural crest cells) either de novo or from premalignant condition. Can have in situ stage - Initiating lesion appears to be activating mutation of BRAF and loss of the tumor suppressors p16 and ultimately p53 - Most commonly dx’ed cancer in women aged 25-29 years. Peak incidence ~50 year of age - Can occur wherever pigmented cells are present. -- Most common in skin, but also eye, vaginal and rectal mucosa, mouth and nasal mucosa. -- Melanomas in on-UV sites usually have gain-of-function mutations of the KIT tyrosine receptor kinase - Selective inhibitors of mutant BRAF and KIT have induced remarkable tumor responses in appropriate patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (eg, Keytruda) alos efficacy - May be pigmented or non-pigmented (amelanotic)

Answer 35

Prognosis depends upon depth of invasion (Breslow thickness). - <0.75 mm has excellent prognosis. - Radial growth becomes vertical growth before invasion and prognosis decreases rapidly Early diagnosis and surgical treatment is essential; prognosis of advanced melanoma is generally bleak unless it is carrying on of the mutation activating genes, in which case remission is possible

Answer 36

Arises from melanocytes (neural crest cells) either de novo or from premalignant condition. Can have in situ stage

Answer 37

- Light skin and blue eyes - Frequent and prolonged actinic exposure - Severe sunburns early in life (can have up to 50% increase) - Premelanotic lesions -- Dysplastic nevi -- Lentigo maligna

Answer 38

- Change in size - Change in color - Change in shape - Increase in elevation - Change in surface - Change in surrounding skin - Bleeding - Change in texture

Answer 39

Level 1: will survive Level II: 75% survival Level III 50% survival Level IV and V: 10% survival

Disease of Skin Flashcards

(65 cards)