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Disease, pathogen, transmission Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

R ricketsii
Tick - dermacentor [american dog tick]

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2
Q

African tick bite fever

A

R africae
Tick - ambylomma

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3
Q

Rickettsia pox

A

R akari
Mite - lyponyssoides sanguineus

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4
Q

Endemic/murine typhus

A

R typhi
Flea faeces - Xenopsylla cheopis

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5
Q

Epidemic typhus

A

R prowazekii
Louse faeces - human body louse pediculus humanus

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6
Q

Scrub typhus

A

Orientia tsutsugamushi
Tromboculid mite larva [chigger]

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7
Q

Endemic [tick-borne] relapsing fever

A

Borrelia spp
Soft ticks - ornithodorus

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8
Q

Epidemic [louse-borne] relapsing fever

A

Louse - human body louse pediculus humanus

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9
Q

Plague

A

Yersinia pestis - gram negative coccobacilli
Flea bite - xenopsylla cheopis

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10
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Leptospira interrogans
Contact with infected rodent urine

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11
Q

Melioidosis

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei - saprophytic gram negative rod
Contact with contaminated soil and water

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12
Q

Brucellosis

A

Brucella abortus, canus, suis and melitensis - aerobic intracellular gram negative cocco-bacilli
Unpasteurised milk/raw meat

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13
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani - obligate anaerobic gram positive rod
Inoculation of ubiquitous environmental spores into wound

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14
Q

Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae - aerobic gram positive rod
Respiratory droplets, secretions and fomites

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15
Q

Trachoma

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars A, B, Ba, CF
Fingers, flies and fomites among families and friends

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16
Q

Oroya fever [Carrions disease]/Peruvian wart

A

Bartonella bacilliformis - intracellular aerobic gram negative rod
-Uncertain - confined to Andes regions

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17
Q

Enteric fever/typhoid

A

Salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi A, B, C - anaerobic gram negative rod
Faecal-oral transmission

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18
Q

Cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae - gram negative rod
Faecal-oral

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19
Q

Yaws

A

Treponema pallidum pertenue
Skin to skin contact

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20
Q

Actinomycetoma

A

Bacteria - nocardia spp
Fungus - actinomadura spp

Water/soil via broken skin

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21
Q

Buruli ulcer

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans
Inoculation into broken skin

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22
Q

Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae/lepromatosis
Human to human transmission via inhalation of respiratory droplets

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23
Q

Talaromycosis

A

Talaromyces marneffei
Inhalation from rainy season soil - bamboo rat reservoir

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24
Q

Paracoccidiodomycosis

A

Maracoccidioides
Inhalation of funges - Central and South America

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25
Eumycetoma
Madurella mycetomatis Water/soil via broken skin
26
PCP pneumonia
Pneumocystic jirovecii Inhalation of ubiquitous spores
27
Amoebic dysentery - liver abscess
Entamoeba histolytica Ingestion of cysts in food or water contaminated by human feces
28
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Naegleria fowleri Swimming in infected water
29
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, amoebic keratitis
Acanthamoeba spp Intranasal inoculuation or via skin break
30
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
Balamuthia mandrillaris Lives in soil
31
Giardiasis
Giardia lamblia Contamination of food, water, fomites
32
Human African trypanosomiasis
T brucei Tsetse fly [glossina] Gambiense - chronic - West africa Rhodesiense - acute - East africa + zoonotic [domestic cattle]
33
Chagas
T cruzi Triatomine bug faeces - MTC, blood transfusion, contaminated food
34
Visceral leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani complex [donovani, infantum, chagasi] Female phlebotomine sandly fly Phlebotomus = old world Lutzomyia = new world
35
Cutaneous leishmaniasis - some causes MCL [viannia subgenus]
L major, tropica, aethiopica L mexicana complex Viannia subgenus Female phlebotomine sandfly
36
Malaria
Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae, knowlesi Female anopheles mosquito
37
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii Contamination with infected cat faeces
38
Intestinal coccidia
Cryptosporidium parvum Cyclospora catetanensis Cystoisospora belli Watery diarrhoea - faecal oral
39
Enterobius vermicularis [pin worm]
Inoculation of eggs
40
Guinea worm
Dracunculus medinensis Drinking unfiltered water containing copepods
41
Hookworm
Ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus Filariform larvae penetrate skin
42
Strongylodies stercoralis
Filariform larvae penetrate skin - autoinfection
43
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ingestion of embryonated eggs [18days-several weeks] in soil
44
Whipworm
Trichuris trichiura Ingestion of embryonated eggs [2 weeks to 6 months to mature in soil]
45
Trichinellosis
Trichinella spp [T spiralis] Ingestion of encysted larvae in raw or undercooked meat
46
Capillaria phillippinensis
Protein-losing enteropathy Ingestion of larva in raw or undercooked fish
47
Toxocara canis
INgestion of eggs from puppies
48
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Eosinophilic meningitis Undercooked snails or slugs
49
Anisakis spp
Raw or undercooked marine fish or squid
50
Gnathostoma spingerium
Ingestion of undercooked meat of 2nd intermediate host [fish, frogs]
51
Lymphatic filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and timori Culicine and anopheles mosquitoes
52
Onchocerca volvulus
Simulium blackflies
53
Loa loa
Chrysops - deer/mango fly
54
Mansonella spp
Culicoides biting midge
55
Diphyllobothrium lata
Undercooked fish
56
Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma mansoni - Biomphalaria snail Schistoma japonicum - oncomelania snail Schistosoma haematobium - bulinus snail
57
Paragonimus spp
P westermanni Eating undercooked crustaceans - freshwater crabs, river crabs, freshwater crayfish
58
Clonorchis + opisthorcis
Liver fluke Freshwater fish Intermediate - freshwater snail Carcinogenic
59
Fasciola hepatica/giantica
Contaminated waterplants [watercress] Intermediate - lymnaeid snails [pond and mud snails] Only respond to triclabendazole [does not respond to praziquantel]
60
Fasciolopsis buski
Intestinal fluke Ingestion of water plants - water caltrop, water chestnut
61
Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus serotypes 1-3 Faecal-oral transmission
62
Rabies
Rabies virus [Lyssavirus] Bites from infected animal - 99% dogs
63
Mpox
Mpox virus Person to person direct contact
64
Hepatitis A
Acute liver injury Faecal-oral tranmsission 2-6 week incubation
65
hepatitis B
Acute > chronic Blood and body fluid 1-6 month incubation
66
Hepatitis C
Chronic > acute Blood and body fluid 2wk-6 months incubation
67
Hepatitis D
Superinfection worse Blood/body fluids - requires prior or co-infection with HBV
68
Hepatitis E
Sporadic acute jaundice - liver injury in pregnancy Faecal-oral with genotypes 1-2 in LIC Undercooked pork with genotypes 3-4 in HIC
69
Zika
Zika virus - Asian > African strain Aedes aegypti > albopictus
70
Japanese encephalitis
JE virus Culex spp Pigs and birds main hosts
71
Dengue
DENV serotypes 1-4 Aedes aegypti >albopictus - day biters
72
Yellow fever
Yellow fever virus Sylvatic cycle - Aedes africanus, haemagogus spp Savannah cycle - Aedes spp
73
Ebola
Ebolavirus [Zaire/EBOV] Spillover event from primate, bat - with human to human amplification with direct contact with infected fluids
74
Lassa fever
Lassa virus - Arenavirus Mastomys rodent urine/faeces contamination - human-to-human spread
75
CCHF
CCHF virus - nairovirus Hyalomma ticks - blood of infected livestock

LSHTM (47 decks)

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