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NURS 200 > Disease Processes > Flashcards

Disease Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Acute

A

sudden onset

can sometimes lead to chronic

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2
Q

Chronic

A

evolve slowly

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3
Q

Infectious

A

caused by organisms

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4
Q

Non-infectious

A

genetic or environmental causes

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5
Q

communicable

A

are contagious

person to person

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6
Q

non-communicable

A

can not be transmitted

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7
Q

Symptomatic Infection

A

noticeable disease results (S+S develop)

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8
Q

Asymptomatic, subclinical, non-apparent infection

A

no disease present (no S+S)

colonialization has not reached high enough levels to cause symptomatic infection (can be a carrier or takes longer for symptoms to occur)

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9
Q

Opportunistic Infection

A

infection caused by bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan pathogens that take advantage pf weakened immune system or altered microbiota

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10
Q

Local infection

A

regional/system target

root infection of the systemic infection

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11
Q

Systemic Infection

A

Infection throughout body

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12
Q

Superinfection

A

a secondary infection caused b/c of the action of an antimicrobial that has wiped out/weakened the normal flora that normally keeps the invading organism in check

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13
Q

Stages of infectious disease

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal Period
  3. Illness Phase
  4. Convalescence
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14
Q

Incubation

A

Infected patient is unaware of it
Length of time to illness signs/symptoms varies by organism and immune system of host as well as external/internal stresses to host
Infection (if communicable) can be spread

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15
Q

Prodromal Period

A

Short interval preceding the infectious disease s/sx
Are non-specific, but patient feels ill or like they are ‘coming down with something’
Is a caused, in part, by a rapid response by the immune system (fever, inflammatory cascade) (can happen during acquired immunity either by vaccination or natural exposure to the pathogen)

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16
Q

Illness Phase

A

Incline of illness (time of greatest s/sx specific to the pathogen)
Decline of illness (patient has ‘turned the corner’ in terms of s/sx)

17
Q

Convalescence

A

Pathogen replication has stopped and pathogens are dying off or becoming inactive
Body is regaining its pre-illness strength

18
Q

Fever

A

Toxins and invading organism’s ‘foreign’ protein stimulates fever response
Increased body temp (one or two degrees)

look at WBC labs
tx w/ tylenol (acet.), ice packs

19
Q

Pain

A

Warning device that something is wrong (when acute pain)

Results from cell/tissue damage and inflammatory response

20
Q

Cytokine Response

A

Interleukin and interferon message to stimulate antibody, T and B cell production, macrophage response
Also stimulate body temperature via cytokine pyrogens

21
Q

Inflammatory Response

A

Histamine release from Mast Cells cause edema

  • Stimulates movement of inflammatory factors and immune response proteins
  • Increase ‘leakiness’ of capillaries to facilitate transport/movement
22
Q

Immune System

A

Macrophages, helper T cells, killer T cells, B cells, suppressor T cells

23
Q

Immune response

Macrophages

A

general response consume some invaders and products and display antigen on their surface to signal antibody response (B and T cells)

24
Q

Immune Response

Helper T cells

A

multiply and stimulate other T and B cells

25
Q

Immune response

Killer T cells

A

destroy pathogens and invading cells and signal more macrophage action

26
Q

Immune response

B cells

A

produces antibodies in response to antigen

27
Q

Immune response

Suppressor T cells

A

signal cleanup and increased blood and lymphocytes to remove dead cells and debris

28
Q

Acquired immunity

Active

A

exposure to antigen or antigenic proteins

ex. vaccines

29
Q

Acquired immunity

passive

A

antibody injection, gamma globulin

30
Q

Types of Immune responses

A

Acquired immunity

Allergies

Autoimmune

Fever Response

31
Q

Prototype: Hep B Vaccine (Recombivax)

A

Mechanism of action: vaccine, to provide active immunity
primary use: individuals who are at risk of exposure to hep B
Adverse effects: pain and inflammation at injection site, transient fever or fatigue, potential for hypersensitivity

32
Q

Prototype: Interferon alpha-2a

A

Mechanism of action: enhances or stimulates immune system to remove antigens, suppresses growth of cancer cells, antiviral activity
Primary use: to remove hairy-cell leukemia, chronic hep C or malignant melanoma
Adverse effects: flu-like, N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, headache, dizziness

NURS 200 (18 decks)

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