Disease Processes

Question 1

Infectious diseases are caused by

Answer 1

Bacteria entering the body

Urinary tract infection is an example.

Question 2

Acute diseases have a sudden____ and for the most part a ____recovery time.

Answer 2

onset

short

Question 3

What type of disease is Influenza?

Answer 3

Acute

Question 4

Chronic diseases usually last longer than____ months and recovery requires ____ medication and treatment.

Answer 4

6 months

ongoing

Question 5

Degenerative diseases occur when

Answer 5

aging process causes tissues to wear down.

Question 6

What type of disease are Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease?

Answer 6

Chronic

Question 7

What type of disease is Arthritis?

Answer 7

Degenerative

Question 8

Osteo_____ is the most common form of joint disorder.

Answer 8

Osteoarthritis

Question 9

Arthritis is _____ of the joint.

Answer 9

Inflammation

Question 10

Obesity, excessive kneeling/squatting, or joint injury can contribute to _____.

Answer 10

a breakdown of cartilage between the bones (mostly hip and knee joints)

Question 11

What can happen when the cartilage wears away?

Answer 11

Joint stiffness and pain, less ROM (Range of motion), mobility challenges, and crepitus.

Question 12

When do Infections occur?

Answer 12

Pathogen enters body and grows.
Treatments vary from type and location.

Question 13

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that is characterized by?

Answer 13

Constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs due to inflammation.

(Medications can reverse the obstruction)

Question 14

Symptoms of Asthma:

Answer 14

Dyspnea, tight chest, and wheezing.

Question 15

What can trigger asthmatic episodes?

Answer 15

Allergies, smoke, chemicals, cold air, and exercise.

Question 16

What is Pneumonia?

Answer 16

Inflammation of the lungs from an infection, air sacs fill with fluid and pus which damages breathing.

Question 17

Aspiration Pneumonia results from

Answer 17

Inhaling foreign matter like emesis into the lungs.

Question 18

Symptoms of Pneumonia:

Answer 18

Fever, productive cough, and fatigue.

Question 19

What does COPD stand for?

Answer 19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question 20

COPD is a group of chronic lung diseases like…?

Answer 20

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis where the airflow to lungs is progressively blocked.

Question 21

What are the main causes of COPD?

Answer 21

Smoking and air pollution.

Question 22

Patients with COPD have…

Answer 22

Frequent coughing, hypoxia, dyspnea, and fatigue

Question 23

What is it called when abnormal cell growth causes tumors and can spread in the body?

Answer 23

Cancer

Question 24

Hypertension is?

Answer 24

High blood pressure

systolic pressure is consistently 130 mm Hg or higher.
or
diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg or higher.

Question 25

What are risk factors for hypertension?

Answer 25

Obesity, stress, smoking, excessive alcohol, diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, some medications, and high sodium diet.

Question 26

Hypertension often does not have symptoms but when they do its...

Answer 26

Sweating, blurry vision, fatigue, vertigo, and headache.

Question 27

What is the expected blood pressure range?

Answer 27

Systolic mm Hg less than 120 Diastolic mm Hg less than 80

Question 28

Elevated BP

Answer 28

Systolic mm Hg 120 to 129 Diastolic mm Hg less than 80

Question 29

Hypertension stage 1 BP

Answer 29

Systolic mm Hg 130 to 139 Diastolic mm Hg 80 to 89

Question 30

Hypertension stage 2 BP

Answer 30

Systolic mm Hg 140+ Diastolic mm Hg 90+

Question 31

Hypertensive crisis BP

Answer 31

Systolic mm Hg 180+ Diastolic mm Hg 120+

Question 32

CAD stands for...

Answer 32

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 33

CAD results from

Answer 33

Coronary arteries narrowing because plaque build up. Heart not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients.

Question 34

What contributes to CAD?

Answer 34

Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. 1st indication is a heart attack.

Question 35

Heart Failure is a chronic disorder which...

Answer 35

The heart cant pump the amount of blood needed for the body.

Question 36

Heart failure can result from...

Answer 36

An injury to the heart such as a heart attack or congenita heart defect. or smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a sedentary lifestyle, and high cholesterol diet.

Question 37

Myocardial infarction is also known as a heart attack which occurs when..

Answer 37

A blood clot or atherosclerosis stops blood in coronary arteries from reaching the heart.

Question 38

What happens when the heart does not recieve blood and oxygen?

Answer 38

The heart tissue dies which is fatal.

Question 39

Common manifestations of Myocardial infarction:

Answer 39

Lack of breath, tight or pain in chest that radiates to neck, shoulders, or arm, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting. Heart burn type of pain and dizzy.

Question 40

Cerebrovascular accident also known as a stroke occurs when...

Answer 40

Blood flow to the brain is blocked which will cause brain cells to die. Mostly due to a blood clot but can also be a ruptured artery in the brain.

Question 41

Stroke symptoms:

Answer 41

Slurred speak, paralysis, facial droop, disorientation, sudden severe headache, and losing consciousness.

Question 42

Diabetes mellitus has 2 types.

Answer 42

Type 1, pancreas can not produce insulin and is usually manifested early in life. Type 2, cells become resistant to the insulin produced by the pancreas.

Question 43

Diabetes mellitus result in...

Answer 43

Fluctuating blood glucose levels.