Disease processes

Question 1

What occurs when the body is not able to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 1

Diseases occur when the body is not able to maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

How do infectious diseases occur?

Answer 2

Infectious diseases occur by bacteria entering the body.

Question 3

What characterizes acute diseases?

Answer 3

Acute diseases have sudden onset and short recovery.

Question 4

What defines chronic diseases?

Answer 4

Chronic diseases usually last longer than 6 months, recovery requires ongoing medication and treatment.

Question 5

What are degenerative diseases?

Answer 5

Degenerative diseases occur when the aging process causes tissue in the body to wear down.

Question 6

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 6

Osteoarthritis is a common form of joint disorder.

Question 7

What is arthritis?

Answer 7

Arthritis is the inflammation of joints.

Question 8

What are infections?

Answer 8

Infections occur when a pathogen enters the body, grows, and multiplies.

Question 9

What is asthma?

Answer 9

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs due to inflammation.

Question 10

What is dyspnea?

Answer 10

Dyspnea is characterized by chest tightness and wheezing.

Question 11

What is pneumonia?

Answer 11

Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs due to infection in which the air sacs fill with fluid and pus.

Question 12

What is aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 12

Aspiration pneumonia results from inhaling foreign matter.

Question 13

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer 13

COPD is a group of chronic lung diseases (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) with which airflow to the lungs is progressively obstructed.

Question 14

What are common symptoms of COPD?

Answer 14

Patients have frequent coughing, hypoxia, dyspnea, and fatigue.

Question 15

What is cancer?

Answer 15

Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth.

Question 16

What is hypertension?

Answer 16

Hypertension is high blood pressure when systolic pressure is consistently 130 mm Hg or higher or diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg or higher.

Question 17

What are risk factors for hypertension?

Answer 17

Risk factors include obesity, stress, smoking, excessive alcohol use, diabetes, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, and a high Na+ diet.

Question 18

What are common symptoms of hypertension?

Answer 18

Often no symptoms shown in patients; if so: sweating, blurred vision, fatigue, vertigo, headache.

Question 19

What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer 19

CAD results from narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup, resulting in the heart not receiving adequate oxygen and nutrients.

Question 20

What are risk factors for CAD?

Answer 20

Risk factors include poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.

Question 21

What is the first indication of CAD?

Answer 21

The first indication of CAD is a heart attack.

Question 22

What is heart failure?

Answer 22

Heart failure is a chronic disorder that results in the heart being unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body’s needs.

Question 23

What can cause heart failure?

Answer 23

Causes include injury to heart muscle after a heart attack or congenital heart defects.

Question 24

What are risk factors for heart failure?

Answer 24

Risk factors include obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, and a high cholesterol diet.

Question 25

What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 25

A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs as a result of a blood clot or atherosclerosis preventing blood in the coronary arteries from reaching the heart.

Question 26

What happens if the heart does not receive blood and oxygen?

Answer 26

If the heart does not receive blood and oxygen, heart tissue dies.

Question 27

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 27

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, called plaque.

Question 28

What is a stroke?

Answer 28

A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked, causing brain cells to die.

Question 29

What are common symptoms of a stroke?

Answer 29

Symptoms include slurred speech, paralysis, facial droop, disorientation, cognitive changes, and loss of consciousness.

Question 30

What are the two types of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 30

Diabetes mellitus is categorized as type 1 and type 2.

Question 31

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 31

Type 1 diabetes occurs early in life when the pancreas is not able to produce insulin.

Question 32

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 32

Type 2 diabetes occurs later in life when cells in the body have become resistant to insulin that the pancreas produces.

Question 33

What is systolic blood pressure?

Answer 33

Systolic blood pressure refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood throughout the body.

Question 34

What is diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 34

Diastolic blood pressure measures the pressure in your arteries between heartbeats.

Question 35

What is the expected reference range for systolic blood pressure?

Answer 35

Expected reference range is less than 120 mm Hg.

Question 36

What is the expected reference range for diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 36

Expected reference range is less than 80 mm Hg.

Question 37

What is the blood pressure category for 130 to 139 systolic?

Answer 37

High blood pressure (hypertension) stage 1.

Question 38

What is the blood pressure category for 140 or greater systolic?

Answer 38

High blood pressure (hypertension) stage 2.

Question 39

What is the blood pressure category for 180 or greater systolic?

Answer 39

Hypertensive crisis.