DISEASES

Question 1

what is the disease when there is permanent damage/ destruction of areas in myocardial cells causing decreased myocardial oxygen supply

Answer 1

myocardial infarction

Question 2

what is the cause of MI

Answer 2

reduced blood flow in the coronary artery due to embolus or thrombus

Question 3

what are the diagnostic test for MI (5)

Answer 3

1 12 lead ECG
2 physical exam
3 creatinine kinase 
4 myoglobin
5 high troponin I and T

Question 4

what is the most specific index diagnosis for MI

Answer 4

creatinine kinase

Question 5

give examples of causes of MI (2)

Answer 5

1 atherosclerosis

2 hypotension

Question 6

what is the presenting symptom of MI

Answer 6

chest pain

Question 7

what are the medications for MI (3)

Answer 7

1 thrombolytics
2 morphine sulfate
3 ACE inhibitor

Question 8

what is the nursing intervention for MI (3)

Answer 8

1 promote myocardial function
2 prevent myocardial damage and complications
3 increase O2 supply, decrease demand

Question 9

if the nursing diagnosis for MI is, decreased cardiac output for MI(3)

what is the best nursing intervention

Answer 9

intravenous therapy
medications therapy
oxygen therapy

Question 10

what if the patient is dysrhythmic

what is the nursing intervention

Answer 10

ACLS

advanced cardiovascular life support

Question 11

what is present in cardiac rehabilitation (4)

Answer 11

1 gradual physical conditioning
2 monitored exercise
3 low level physical activity
4 weight reduction

Question 12

what is congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 12

inability of the heart to pump blood

Question 13

what is the cause of CHF

Answer 13

atherosclerosis - primary cause

Question 14

what is the diagnostic tests for CHF and the confirmatory test

Answer 14

ejection fraction

2D echo

Question 15

what are the two clinical manifestations

Answer 15

LSHF pulmonary congestion

RSHF peripheral congestion

Question 16

what test will indicate the ascites in RSHF

Answer 16

positive fluid wave test

Question 17

what are the medications for CHF (4)

Answer 17

1 inotropes/ cardiac glycosides
2 diuretics
3 sympathomimetics
4 anti-hypertensives

Question 18

what is important to monitor daily for a CHF patient

Answer 18

input and output

Question 19

if the nursing diagnosis is decreased cardiac output for CHF (3)

what is the nursing intervention

Answer 19

1 control blood pressure
2 rest period
3 tolerated exercise

Question 20

if the nursing diagnosis is airway clearance CHF (3)

what is the nursing intervention

Answer 20

1 high fowler
2 two pillows sleeping
3 mechanical ventilator

Question 21

if the nursing diagnosis is fluid volume excess for CHF (4)

what is the nursing intervention

Answer 21

1 low sodium diet
2 fluid restriction
3 daily weight monitoring 1kg/ day
4 avoid alcohol & smoking

Question 22

what is cardiomyopathy

Answer 22

abnormalities of heart structure and function

Question 23

what are the type of cardiomyopathy (6)

Answer 23

1 dilated
2 hypertrophy
3 restrictive
4 congestive
5 constrictive
6 arrhythmogenic

Question 24

what is the most helpful diagnostic test for cardiomyopathy

Answer 24

2D echocardiography

Question 25

what is the main cause of cardiomyopathy

Answer 25

heavy alcoholism

Question 26

what is the minimum alcohol consumption for male

Answer 26

2-3 glasses

Question 27

what is the minimum alcohol consumption for female

Answer 27

1 glass

Question 28

what is the first clinical manifestation for cardiomyopathy

Answer 28

dyspnea upon exertion and angina

Question 29

what do you call when the left and right side heart failure is matching

Answer 29

cardiomyopathy

Question 30

what are the complications for cardiomyopathy (3)

Answer 30

1 heart failure 2 cardiomegaly 3 dysrhythmias

Question 31

what are the medications for cardiomyopathy (3)

Answer 31

1 antianginal 2 vasodilator 3 inotropic

Question 32

if the nursing diagnosis is decrease cardiac output what is the nursing intervention

Answer 32

``` 1 avoid (sports, isometric exercise, strenuous exercise) 2 low sodium diet ```

Question 33

if the nursing diagnosis is ineffective tissue perfusion what is the nursing intervention

Answer 33

1 monitor oxygen saturation 2 oxygen therapy 3 weight daily 4 rest

Question 34

what is the treatment of choice for cardiomyopathy

Answer 34

heart transplant