Diseases

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

single celled organisms without a nucleus

Question 2

Viruses

Answer 2

Thread-like particles that produce by taking over living cells

Question 3

Fungi

Answer 3

Simple organisms that grow as single cells or thread like filaments

Question 4

Protozoa

Answer 4

single-celled organism with a nucleus

Question 5

Disease

Answer 5

anything that causes your body to not function properly

Question 6

Non-infectious disease

Answer 6

disease that cannot be transmitted from person to person since they are caused by other factors e.g. genetics, environment and lifestyle

Question 7

infectious disease

Answer 7

disease that can be tranmsitted via a pathogen

Question 8

Pathogen

Answer 8

disease causing organism

Question 9

Types of pathogens

Answer 9

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa

Question 10

Distinguish between an infectious disease and a non-infectious disease

Answer 10

Infectious diseases are transmitted between individuals by a pathogen for example influenza where the virus is spread through particles in the air (coughed, sneezed, breathed out) WHEREAS non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens, they are caused by other factors for example down syndrome that is caused by an additional chromosome.

Question 11

types for non-infectious diseases

Answer 11

genetic disorders, diet related, environmental, circulatory system, cancers, drug abuse, mental illness

Question 11

huntington’s disease
cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control

Answer 11

a single defective gene on chromosome 4, mutation of DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat
involuntary jerking, muscle problems, slow eye movement, difficulty in speech or swallowing
No cure, drugs, physiotherapy and talk therapy
Genetic counselling before having children, cant prevent once inherited

Question 12

Melanoma
cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control

Answer 12

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or tanning lamps
Large brown spots, moles that change in colour, size, feel and bleeds, small lesions with irregular border and portions that appear red white pink blue
Skin grafting, surgical removal, excision of the primary melanoma on the skin
Wear UV protection, sunscreen

Question 13

Direct transmission

Answer 13

The disease is spread by direct contact with an infected person

Question 14

Indirect transmission

Answer 14

disease which occurs through an intermediary agent such as an insect, air or contaminated water

Question 15

How do diseases enter the body

Answer 15

nose/lungs, mouth/digestive tract, cuts in skin/burns, sexual transmission, blood to blood contact

Question 16

protozoans

Answer 16

small, single-celled organisms common in water and soil

Question 17

Prions

Answer 17

abnormally folded protein that causes progressive neurodegenerative conditions

Question 18

How can infectious diseases be transmitted

Answer 18

Direct: shaking hands, kissing, sexual intercourse
Indirect: insects, mosquitoes, fleas, air, contaminated water

Question 19

rubella
transmission, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control

Answer 19

RNA virus
direct contact with nasal or throat secretion of infected individual
Low grade fever, sore throat, rash across face that spreads to body
No medicine or treatment, bed rest and medicine for fever
Getting vaccinated

Question 20

Malaria
transmission, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control

Answer 20

Plasmodium parasite
Bitten by an infected female Anopheles mosquito
Fever, shaking chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia and jaundice (loss of red blood cells)
Antiparasitic, antibiotics, antimalarial drugs
Take protective drugs before, during and after trip

Question 21

Potato blight
plant affected, type of pathogen

Answer 21

caused irish potato famine
potato
fungus

Question 22

Panama disease
plant affected, type of pathogen

Answer 22

banana
fungus

Question 23

Dickeya dianthicola
plants affected, type of pathogen

Answer 23

potatoes (also artichokes and chicory)
bacteria

Question 24

citrus canker plant affected, type of pathogen

Answer 24

citrus trees- limes, oranges, grapefruit bacteria

Question 25

american foulbrood disease animal affected, type of pathogen

Answer 25

bees bacteria

Question 26

Ovine Johne's disease animal affected, type of pathogen

Answer 26

sheep bacteria

Question 27

Avian infuenza animal affected, type of pathogen

Answer 27

birds virus

Question 28

Foot and mouth disease animal affected, type of pathogen

Answer 28

cloven-hoofed animals e.g. cows, sheep goats, pigs virus

Question 29

Epidemic

Answer 29

higher than normal numbers of people are affected by a particular disease in certain place

Question 30

Pandemic

Answer 30

an outbreak that goes global, placing large numbers of people at risk

Question 31

non-specific immunity

Answer 31

immunity that protects against a variety of microbes

Question 32

specific immunity

Answer 32

immunity that is targeted to particular microbe(s)

Question 33

antigen

Answer 33

substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response

Question 34

antibody

Answer 34

Y shaped protein produced by the body in response to the presence of an antigen

Question 35

White blood cells (general)

Answer 35

blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue part of the body's immune system Help the body fight disease also called a lymphocyte

Question 36

White blood cells- B cells

Answer 36

Fight pathogens by making antibodies, which are specific to each pathogen

Question 37

White blood cells -T cells

Answer 37

Eliminate cells that have already been infected by a pathogen

Question 38

White blood cells- memory B cells

Answer 38

Produced the first time a pathogen enters the body. Remain in the body long after the initial infection. Remember the pathogen and act quickly if it enters the body again

Question 39

Herd immunity

Answer 39

When enough people in a population are vaccinated against a particular disease.

Question 40

Obesity Cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention

Answer 40

Poor diet, little physical activity or sleep Excessive body fat, pain in back or joints, bingeing, fatigue, pot belly More physical activity, a healthy reduced calorie diet Healthy nutritional diet and eating behaviours, regular physical activity, reduced sedentary activity

Question 41

what type of disease is Huntington's disease

Answer 41

genetic non-infectious

Question 42

what type of disease is melanoma

Answer 42

environmental non-infectious

Question 43

what type of disease is obesity

Answer 43

life style non-infectious

Question 44

what disease affects potatos as a fungus

Answer 44

potato blight

Question 45

what disease affects bananas as a fungus

Answer 45

Panama

Question 46

What disease affects citrus trees as a bacteria

Answer 46

Citrus canker

Question 47

what disease affects bees as a bacteria

Answer 47

american foulbrood disease

Question 48

what disease affects sheep as a bacteria

Answer 48

ovine john's disease

Question 49

what disease affects birds as a virus

Answer 49

avian influenza

Question 50

what disease affects cloven-hoofed animals as a virus

Answer 50

foot and mouth disease

Question 51

what type of disease is rubella

Answer 51

direct transmission

Question 52

what type of disease is malaria

Answer 52

indirect transmission

Question 53

how does a vaccine work

Answer 53

gives you immunity to a pathogen without you actually having to catch the disease and get sick

Question 54

Antibiotics

Answer 54

Drugs that destroy bacteria or inhibit bacteria from reproducing overuse can leave to antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 55

pathogens can be killed or spread limited by

Answer 55

our natural immune system, in food through heat (sterilising), cold (freezing), sugar, salt, weak acid like vinegar, drying (dried fruit), antiseptics and disinfectants, antibiotics, vaccines, avoiding close contact, avoid being bitten by vectors (parasite)