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Science T4 > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria

A

single celled organisms without a nucleus

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2
Q

Viruses

A

Thread-like particles that produce by taking over living cells

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3
Q

Fungi

A

Simple organisms that grow as single cells or thread like filaments

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4
Q

Protozoa

A

single-celled organism with a nucleus

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5
Q

Disease

A

anything that causes your body to not function properly

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6
Q

Non-infectious disease

A

disease that cannot be transmitted from person to person since they are caused by other factors e.g. genetics, environment and lifestyle

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7
Q

infectious disease

A

disease that can be tranmsitted via a pathogen

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8
Q

Pathogen

A

disease causing organism

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9
Q

Types of pathogens

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa

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10
Q

Distinguish between an infectious disease and a non-infectious disease

A

Infectious diseases are transmitted between individuals by a pathogen for example influenza where the virus is spread through particles in the air (coughed, sneezed, breathed out) WHEREAS non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens, they are caused by other factors for example down syndrome that is caused by an additional chromosome.

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11
Q

types for non-infectious diseases

A

genetic disorders, diet related, environmental, circulatory system, cancers, drug abuse, mental illness

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11
Q

huntington’s disease
cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control

A

a single defective gene on chromosome 4, mutation of DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat
involuntary jerking, muscle problems, slow eye movement, difficulty in speech or swallowing
No cure, drugs, physiotherapy and talk therapy
Genetic counselling before having children, cant prevent once inherited

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12
Q

Melanoma
cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control

A

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or tanning lamps
Large brown spots, moles that change in colour, size, feel and bleeds, small lesions with irregular border and portions that appear red white pink blue
Skin grafting, surgical removal, excision of the primary melanoma on the skin
Wear UV protection, sunscreen

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13
Q

Direct transmission

A

The disease is spread by direct contact with an infected person

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14
Q

Indirect transmission

A

disease which occurs through an intermediary agent such as an insect, air or contaminated water

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15
Q

How do diseases enter the body

A

nose/lungs, mouth/digestive tract, cuts in skin/burns, sexual transmission, blood to blood contact

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16
Q

protozoans

A

small, single-celled organisms common in water and soil

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17
Q

Prions

A

abnormally folded protein that causes progressive neurodegenerative conditions

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18
Q

How can infectious diseases be transmitted

A

Direct: shaking hands, kissing, sexual intercourse
Indirect: insects, mosquitoes, fleas, air, contaminated water

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19
Q

rubella
transmission, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control

A

RNA virus
direct contact with nasal or throat secretion of infected individual
Low grade fever, sore throat, rash across face that spreads to body
No medicine or treatment, bed rest and medicine for fever
Getting vaccinated

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20
Q

Malaria
transmission, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control

A

Plasmodium parasite
Bitten by an infected female Anopheles mosquito
Fever, shaking chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia and jaundice (loss of red blood cells)
Antiparasitic, antibiotics, antimalarial drugs
Take protective drugs before, during and after trip

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21
Q

Potato blight
plant affected, type of pathogen

A

caused irish potato famine
potato
fungus

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22
Q

Panama disease
plant affected, type of pathogen

A

banana
fungus

23
Q

Dickeya dianthicola
plants affected, type of pathogen

A

potatoes (also artichokes and chicory)
bacteria

24
Q

citrus canker
plant affected, type of pathogen

A

citrus trees- limes, oranges, grapefruit
bacteria

25
Q

american foulbrood disease
animal affected, type of pathogen

A

bees
bacteria

26
Q

Ovine Johne’s disease
animal affected, type of pathogen

A

sheep
bacteria

27
Q

Avian infuenza
animal affected, type of pathogen

A

birds
virus

28
Q

Foot and mouth disease
animal affected, type of pathogen

A

cloven-hoofed animals e.g. cows, sheep goats, pigs
virus

29
Q

Epidemic

A

higher than normal numbers of people are affected by a particular disease in certain place

30
Q

Pandemic

A

an outbreak that goes global, placing large numbers of people at risk

31
Q

non-specific immunity

A

immunity that protects against a variety of microbes

32
Q

specific immunity

A

immunity that is targeted to particular microbe(s)

33
Q

antigen

A

substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response

34
Q

antibody

A

Y shaped protein produced by the body in response to the presence of an antigen

35
Q

White blood cells (general)

A

blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue
part of the body’s immune system
Help the body fight disease
also called a lymphocyte

36
Q

White blood cells- B cells

A

Fight pathogens by making antibodies, which are specific to each pathogen

37
Q

White blood cells -T cells

A

Eliminate cells that have already been infected by a pathogen

38
Q

White blood cells- memory B cells

A

Produced the first time a pathogen enters the body. Remain in the body long after the initial infection. Remember the pathogen and act quickly if it enters the body again

39
Q

Herd immunity

A

When enough people in a population are vaccinated against a particular disease.

40
Q

Obesity
Cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention

A

Poor diet, little physical activity or sleep
Excessive body fat, pain in back or joints, bingeing, fatigue, pot belly
More physical activity, a healthy reduced calorie diet
Healthy nutritional diet and eating behaviours, regular physical activity, reduced sedentary activity

41
Q

what type of disease is Huntington’s disease

A

genetic non-infectious

42
Q

what type of disease is melanoma

A

environmental non-infectious

43
Q

what type of disease is obesity

A

life style non-infectious

44
Q

what disease affects potatos as a fungus

A

potato blight

45
Q

what disease affects bananas as a fungus

A

Panama

46
Q

What disease affects citrus trees as a bacteria

A

Citrus canker

47
Q

what disease affects bees as a bacteria

A

american foulbrood disease

48
Q

what disease affects sheep as a bacteria

A

ovine john’s disease

49
Q

what disease affects birds as a virus

A

avian influenza

50
Q

what disease affects cloven-hoofed animals as a virus

A

foot and mouth disease

51
Q

what type of disease is rubella

A

direct transmission

52
Q

what type of disease is malaria

A

indirect transmission

53
Q

how does a vaccine work

A

gives you immunity to a pathogen without you actually having to catch the disease and get sick

54
Q

Antibiotics

A

Drugs that destroy bacteria or inhibit bacteria from reproducing
overuse can leave to antibiotic resistant bacteria

55
Q

pathogens can be killed or spread limited by

A

our natural immune system, in food through heat (sterilising), cold (freezing), sugar, salt, weak acid like vinegar, drying (dried fruit), antiseptics and disinfectants, antibiotics, vaccines, avoiding close contact, avoid being bitten by vectors (parasite)

Science T4 (2 decks)

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