Diseases

Question 1

Types of diseases

Answer 1

Communicable
Vector borne
Infectious

Question 2

Vector and resivor of EEE, WEE, VEE

Answer 2

Mosquito and birds
VEE: resivoir is other horses

Question 3

Sleeping sickness
Fever
Loss of coordination
Head pressing
Circling

Answer 3

EEE

Question 4

Vaccine given in spring but peak season is July to September
Must vaccine every year
Avoid exposure to mosquito

Answer 4

EEE prevention

Question 5

West Nile vector and reservoir

Answer 5

Mosquitoes and birds

Question 6

Loss of coordination
Muscle twitches
Wearing
Falling down
Prognosis is better than EEE

Answer 6

West Nile

Question 7

Vaccine available in spring peak season in July to sept
Immunity for a year
3 types (killed, recombinant, inactivated)

Answer 7

WNV prevention

Question 8

Caused by bacteria that produces toxin that causes this

Answer 8

Tetanus

Question 9

Lock jaw
Present in soil
Thrives in closed wounds (anaerobic)
Sawhorse stance
Paralysis
Convulsions
Sensitive to noise
Stiff

Answer 9

Tetanus

Question 10

Usually die from respiratory failure
Vaccine available
Immune system neautralizes the toxin
Give annually

Answer 10

Tetanus prevention

Question 11

To product protective antibodies

Answer 11

Toxoid

Question 12

Antibodies given directly to unvaccinated, accompanied by tetanus toxoid

Answer 12

Antitoxin

Question 13

Caused by bacteria
Present in soil and decaying material
Grows in closed wounds-anaerobic
Dead rodents baled along with hay’
Produces multiple toxins

Answer 13

Botulism

Question 14

Weakness tremors
Respiratory paralysis
Inability to swallow
For foals they cannot suckle, shaker foal syndrome

Answer 14

Botulism signs

Question 15

Vaccine available, give as series and then annually, 4-6 weeks prior to foaling for foals

Answer 15

Botulism prevention

Question 16

Caused by virus, hydrophobia, vectors are other animals, transmitted by bitting from other animals, fatal

Answer 16

Rabies

Question 17

Fever
Depression, excess salivation, paralysis, excitement, too late to prevent

Answer 17

Rabies signs

Question 18

Vaccine available, must be by vet

Answer 18

Rabies prevention

Question 19

Caused by lentivirus
Many similarities to aids/hiv
Attacks immune system
Hides
Body cannot rid itself
No vaccine or cure

Answer 19

EIA

Question 20

Acute: Fever, depression, pale membranes, red blood cell destructions
Chronic: cycles resembling a cut, weight loss
In apparent carrier: appears healthy
May carry virus for years
Can elapse to chronic state

Answer 20

EIA signs

Question 21

Virus spread by horse flies and they bite other horse

Answer 21

EIA transmission

Question 22

Antibody testing, Coggins or ELISA, need to travel

Answer 22

EIA testing

Question 23

Fever, nasal discharge, depression, muscle pain, cough, can be bacteria or virus, lack of appetite

Answer 23

Respiratory disease symptoms

Question 24

Caused by virus
Highly contagious
Sneezing
Cough
Infects mucus membranes, nasal passages, eyes

Answer 24

Flu

Question 25

Quarantine sick horses Aerosol transmission Soap and water are effective at killing virus Avoid sex Vaccinate

Answer 25

Flu prevention

Question 26

Caused by virus Primal ray a respiratory disease Effects foals Abortion in mares Neurological Avoid mechanical transmission

Answer 26

Rhino

Question 27

What is rhino also called

Answer 27

Herpes, EHV 1 and 4

Question 28

Respiratory signs Abolitions Inflammation that comprises blood brain barrier Neurological

Answer 28

Rhino signs

Question 29

Vaccinate pregnant mares, rec horses and performance horses

Answer 29

Rhino prevention

Question 30

Also called distemper Bacteria Nasal discharge Highly contagious Horse to horse Fever Swollen lymp nodes Fever Nasal drip

Answer 30

Strangles

Question 31

Rest in warm dry stall Hot compress Flush abscesses with iodine solution Antibiotic

Answer 31

Strangles treatment

Question 32

Hygiene, bio security Quarientine Control flies Clean Test for negative nasal swab Vaccines not highly effective

Answer 32

Strangles prevention

Question 33

Disease of GI tract Bacteria lives in aquatic parasites, snails etc Fever Depression Laminitis Colic Diarrhea

Answer 33

Potomac horse fever

Question 34

Supportive care and fluids

Answer 34

Treatment

Question 35

Vaccine is questionable

Answer 35

Prevention for Potomac horse fever

Question 36

What is not a form of a disease caused by EHV

Answer 36

Diarrhea

Question 37

What form of EIA causes the lowest virus level in blood

Answer 37

In apparent carrier

Question 38

How long should you rest a horse after it has the flu

Answer 38

3 weeks

Question 39

What last longer passive or active

Answer 39

Active

Question 40

True or false: cleaning with detergent may revoke as much as 90% of infections agents

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Which has a stronger antibody response

Answer 41

Booster of vaccine

Question 42

What should you clean with

Answer 42

Clean organic matter with inactive disinfectants, clean with detergent

Question 43

Lack or response to the pathogen

Answer 43

Resistance

Question 44

At risk for infection

Answer 44

Susceptible

Question 45

Protected against disease Antibodies Not absolute

Answer 45

Host = immune

Question 46

Short lived Naturally acquired by colostrum Artificially by antitoxin injections

Answer 46

Passive immunity

Question 47

Long term Stimulates a better response from immune system Naturally acquired from natural infection including symptoms Artificially by vaccine

Answer 47

Active immunity

Question 48

Various isotopes Targets surface antigens and surround the infected cell marking destruction

Answer 48

Antibody

Question 49

Lethal hit death of target cell Limits viral replication

Answer 49

CMI; Cytotoxic Iymphocytes

Question 50

Pathogen mixed with adjuvant Adjuvant stimulates stronger response than you would get from killed pathogen alone Pros: safe, convention for storage Cons: less complete response than with natural infected, need to boost

Answer 50

Killed (inactivated)

Question 51

Mild of weakened form of pathogen Pros: longer lasting, more complete stimulation of immunity, can be effective against new strains Best mimic in natural infection Cons: reversion, viability must be maintained, difficult to store

Answer 51

Modified live

Question 52

Gene encoding pathogen proteins inserted into a safe virus , response is similar to Modified live Pros: longer lasting, more complete stimulation of immunity, less likely to cause disease Cons: less effective against new strains, costs are high

Answer 52

Recombinant/ vectored

Question 53

Allows body to recognize foreign proteins

Answer 53

Primary response

Question 54

Takes advanced of memory, stronger response

Answer 54

Secondary response

Question 55

Core vaccines

Answer 55

Tetanus, WEE, EEE, rabies, west Nile

Question 56

Not all animals in a herd need to be immune to prevent an outbreak, if a disease organism is introduced it will to get far, unvaccinated animals can be potentially be protected by this

Answer 56

Herd immunity

Question 57

What remains the most cost effective for prevention of disease

Answer 57

Vaccines