diseases

Question 1

the EIA virus replicates with ___ circulating in the body

Answer 1

white blood cells

Question 2

epistaxis is not a ___ problem but ___ to another condition. A very common cause for this is ___

Answer 2

primary, secondary, nasogastric intubation

Question 3

COPD is a ___, allergic respiratory dz where ___ of the airways is noted. it is similar to ___ in humans

Answer 3

chronic, constriction, asthma

Question 4

primary sinusitis is generally seen in ___ and is generally caused by ____. secondary sinusitis is seen in ___ and often caused by ____

Answer 4

foals, inhaling bacteria or fungi, mature adults, infected tooth root

Question 5

equine viral rhinopneumonitis is caused by

Answer 5

equine herpes virus

Question 6

roars is a condition that most commonly affects ___ and ___ affects the ___ respiratory tract and occurs when one or both or the ___ becomes ___

Answer 6

thoroughbreds, draft horses, upper, arytenoid cartilages, paralyzed

Question 7

Bacterial endocarditis is an ____ condition that affects the tissue lining the __ and is typically caused by ___ or ___. we can try to treat with ___ weeks of IV antimicrobial therapy but prognosis is typically ___

Answer 7

inflammatory, heart, bacteria, thrombophlebitis, 4-8, poor

Question 8

a horse suffering from choke will often have feedstuffs coming from their ___

Answer 8

nostrils

Question 9

_____ is the causative agent of stangles

Answer 9

streptococcus equi

Question 10

___ is the most commonly seen atrial arrhythmia in horses

Answer 10

atrial fibrillation

Question 11

___ is usually the causative agent for guttural pouch mycosis

Answer 11

aspergillus spp

Question 12

COPD is commonly seen in horses kept in ___, ____ environments

Answer 12

dry, dusty

Question 13

____ is the most common drug to cause thrombophlebitis

Answer 13

phenylbutazone

Question 14

___ can occur in horses that eat 1.5 - 3 lns of dry/wilted red maple leaves

Answer 14

red maple toxicosis

Question 15

what can we do to treat COPD

Answer 15

changing the environment, changing the hay supply, antihistamines

Question 16

what are the characteristic signs of EIA and in which phase will you see them

Answer 16

chronic phase - depression, lethargic, petechia, sweating, anorexia

Question 17

what is choke

Answer 17

the esophagus is partially or completely obstructed

Question 18

ways EIA can be transmitted between horses

Answer 18

blood transfusions, sharing syringes, improperly cleaned instruments, biting insects, semen or milk

Question 19

3 countries that have an equine influenza free status

Answer 19

new england, iceland, australia

Question 20

heave line

Answer 20

the abdomen muscles working extremely hard, become enlarged and form the heave line

Question 21

what is the name of the test for EIA

Answer 21

coggins test

Question 22

how is guttural pouch mycosis treated

Answer 22

topical antifungal therapy, applied directly onto the plaques, surgery

Question 23

which lymph nodes are effected by strangles and what ultimately happens to them

Answer 23

enlarged submandibular lymph nodes, eventually abscess

Question 24

Purpura hemorrhagica

Answer 24

complication of strangles that occurs when high antibodies against the infection are vaccinated

Question 25

EHV-1 associated with in regards to clinical signs / disease

Answer 25

mid to late term abortions

Question 26

what is epiglottic entrapment

Answer 26

epiglottis becomes trapped by soft tissues in the pharynx

Question 27

clinical signs of epiglottic entrapment

Answer 27

coughing, poor performance, respiratory noises.

Question 28

treatment of epiglottic entrapment

Answer 28

surgery, axial transection or the aryepiglottic fold. or benign neglect

Question 29

what is guttural pouch empyema

Answer 29

a secondary condition from another disease, when pus builds up in the guttural pouches, treaed by lavage and infusion of penicillin into the pouches, tx of primary cause, or surgery

Question 30

3 surgical tx for roars

Answer 30

prosthetic laryngoplasty, arytenoidectomy, ventriculectomy

Question 31

most common vascular disease of horses

Answer 31

thrombophlebitis

Question 32

bastard strangles

Answer 32

a complication of equine strangles, usually effects the mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 33

lice is more common problem during the summer months

Answer 33

false

Question 34

rabies vaccination for horses in required in all states

Answer 34

false

Question 35

____ are the number one cause for insect hypersensitivity in horses

Answer 35

biting gnats

Question 36

___ is the name of the sucking louse and ___ is the name of the biting louse

Answer 36

haematopinus asisi, damalinia equi

Question 37

rain rot characterized by ___ and is often ___

Answer 37

crusting lesions, non puretic

Question 38

scratches is commonly seen in the ___ of draft breed horses. it is treated by ___ and allowing the area to dry out

Answer 38

feathering, cleaning with chorhexidine

Question 39

HYPP stands for ____ and is found in ___

Answer 39

hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, quarter horse

Question 40

the reservoirs for sleeping sickness are ___,___,and ___. the vector is ____

Answer 40

birds, reptiles, rodents, mosquito

Question 41

west nile causes inflammation of the ___, and it has a ___ survival rate than sleeping sickness

Answer 41

CNS, better

Question 42

HYPP is a mutation that causes ___ channels to malfunction thus allowing the excessive release of ___. this allows the skeletal muscles to be ___ and contract ___

Answer 42

sodium, potassium, overly excitable, involuntarily

Question 43

___ are the most common eye condition of the horse and can be caused by ___, ___, ___ or ___

Answer 43

corneal ulcers, trauma, corneal scratching, bacterial infections, or fungal infections

Question 44

the causative agent of tetanus (___) is a potent ____ that causes disease when it releases its toxin which will ultimately prevent the release of GABA. GABA ___ nerve propagation. Without this, the nerves fire continuously causing ____

Answer 44

costridium tetani, neurotoxin, inhibits, constant muscle contraction

Question 45

proud flesh is ___ that begins growing outside the margins of a wound. it can be found on the ___ and is a highly ___ tissue

Answer 45

granulation tissue, distal limbs, vascular

Question 46

cystitis is ___ and mares are affected more commonly than males. It is generally caused by ___ or ___

Answer 46

inflammation of the urinary bladder, nerve damage, neoplasia

Question 47

___ is a pastern dermatitis that can occur when horses are kept in wet or unhygienic conditions

Answer 47

scratches

Question 48

___ us the common name for equine recurrent uveitis, characterized by ___ inside the eye. either one or both eyes can be affected. there is no definitive proof that this is a genetic condition but ___,____,____, tend to have higher incidence of disease

Answer 48

moon blindness, inflammation, appaloosas, warm bloods, draft breeds

Question 49

__ is the leading cause of blindness in horses world wide

Answer 49

equine recurrent uveitis

Question 50

topical ___ can be applied to horses with corneal ulcers but frequency should be kept to a minimum

Answer 50

antibacterial ointment

Question 51

____ are stones that begin to from when the pH in the urinary tract begins to change

Answer 51

urolithiasis / uroliths

Question 52

equine cushing syndrome is better defined as ___. this is b/c it affects a different area of the ___ (the pars intermedia) than in other species

Answer 52

PPID, pituitary gland

Question 53

4 ways to manage insect control

Answer 53

fly spray, manure removal, fans in stalls, feed through fly control

Question 54

typical stance / clinical sign of tetanus

Answer 54

horse saw posture

Question 55

how do we treat urinary stones in equine pateints

Answer 55

removal of the stone

Question 56

EPM stand for

Answer 56

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

Question 57

3 main drugs used to treat EPM

Answer 57

marquis (ponazuril) naviator ( nitazoxanide) daraprim ( sulfafiazine, pyrimethamine

Question 58

what med can be given to horses suffering from and active HYPP attack

Answer 58

calcium gluconate diluted in 1 L of 5% dextrose

Question 59

HYPP managed in regard to husbandry

Answer 59

avoiding high potassium feeds, feeding smaller more frequent meals, regular exercise program, room to roam, avoiding water deprivation

Question 60

3 different viruses that encompass sleeping sickness

Answer 60

EEE, WEE, VEE

Question 61

3 classifications of HYPP

Answer 61

N/N (negative), H/N (heterozygous), H/H (homozygous)

Question 62

we should not use NSAIDs for more than ___ days in horses for fear of causing gastric ulcers. ___ and __ are the most common NSAIDS to cause GI ulcers

Answer 62

5-7, banamine, bute

Question 63

ehrlichiosis is caused by a ____ that is more common in the ___ months and around ___. the tx of chouce is ___ and banamine. we should do our best to try to prevent __ in the patient

Answer 63

neorickettsia risticii, summer, waterways, oxytetracycline, laminitis

Question 64

signs of dummy foal can take up to __ to appear

Answer 64

2 days

Question 65

hoof abscesses cause severe, acute ___. it is a common finsing in horses with a history of ____ or ___

Answer 65

foreign body penetration or chronic laminitis

Question 66

___ is the NSAID of choice to help relieve the symptoms of colic

Answer 66

Banamine

Question 67

the ___ found on fescue is responsible for causing fescue toxicosis

Answer 67

endophytes

Question 68

navicular syndrome occurs when excessive ___ and __ on the __ puts pressure on the ___

Answer 68

stress, strain, flexor tendons, navicular bursa

Question 69

the most common cause for dystocia in horses are ___,___,___

Answer 69

large foal, malpositioned foal, and twins

Question 70

___ is a zoonotic dz that is more commonly found in ___ but can occur in ___. it causes profuse, watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to ___ and ___

Answer 70

salmonella, foals, all ages, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances

Question 71

the blood factors ___,___,___ are responsible for causing neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 71

a, c, q

Question 72

the pain associated with hoof abscesses is generally relieved when

Answer 72

the abscess ruptures

Question 73

roughly ___ of show or racing horses have had / will have GI ulcers

Answer 73

80%

Question 74

___ is the tx of choice for GI ulcers

Answer 74

gastroguard, husbandry changes

Question 75

ehrlichiosis is commonly called ____. this is a dz that causes inflammation of the ___ which can lead to diarrhea nad poor water absorption

Answer 75

potomac horse fever, colon

Question 76

stone of the GI tract are called

Answer 76

enteroliths

Question 77

___ is the musculature condition that most commonly occurs when a horse is asked to do more work that training allows

Answer 77

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 78

in severe cases of rhabdomyolysis, ___ of the striated skeletal muscle can occur as well as ___ compromise

Answer 78

necrosis, renal

Question 79

2 methods for trying to treat dummy foals

Answer 79

foal squeeze and supportive care

Question 80

2 most common causes for GI ulcers

Answer 80

husbandry methods, the use of NSAIDs

Question 81

prepubic tendon typically rupture

Answer 81

3rd trimester

Question 82

most common cause of rectal tears

Answer 82

rectal palpation

Question 83

what causes laminitis

Answer 83

insult or injury that causes blood to bypass the dermal laminae

Question 84

oxytocin administration avoided in mares suffering from dystocia

Answer 84

can lead to uterine rupture

Question 85

FPT

Answer 85

failure of passive transfer

Question 86

problems associated with fescue toxicosis

Answer 86

prolonged gestation, thickened placenta, dysmature foals, agalactia

Question 87

bowed tendons are the result of

Answer 87

injury to the deep flexor tendons or superficial flexor tendon

Question 88

tx for dystocia in mares

Answer 88

lightly sedated, epidural, correct the malpositioned foal, c section is the last resort

Question 89

thrush is a bacterial infection that affects the

Answer 89

sulci of the frog

Question 90

ovarian tumors in mares

Answer 90

granulosa cell - excess of estrogen thecal cell - excess of testosterone

Question 91

what is colic

Answer 91

generalized term for abdominal pain

Question 92

what is laminitis

Answer 92

avascular necrosis of the sensitive laminae in the hoof

Question 93

signs of colic

Answer 93

pawing at the ground, rollings, flank watching, sweating, tachycardia, kicking at the abdomen