Diseases Flashcards
(41 cards)
Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenia Gravis
characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of any of the muscles under your voluntary control
caused by a breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles
Myasthenia
Myasthenia Gravis Assessment
Muscular weakness produced by repeated movements soon disappears following rest
Diplopia, ptosis, impaired speech, dysphagia
Respiratory distress
Periods of remissions and exacerbations
Myasthenia Gravis Nursing Diagnosis
Myasthenia Gravis Nursing Diagnosis
Self-care deficit
Airway clearance, ineffective
Physical mobility, impaired
Impaired swallowing
Anxiety/fear
Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis
Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis
Based on administration of anticholinesterase (neostigmine) - positive result evidenced by striking increase in muscular strength 5-10 minutes after administration
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of connective tissue that involves skin, joints, serous membranes, kidneys, hematologic system, CNS
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Assessment
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Assessment
Musculoskeletal: polyarthralgia, polymyositis
Dermatological: butterfly rash on bridge of nose and cheeks, papular, erythematous, purpuric lesions, oral ulcers, alopecia
Cardio: pericarditis, pleural effusion
Renal: hematuria, proteinuria
Lymphandenopathy
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Hyperthyroidism Assessment
Hyperthyroidism Assessment
Personality changes, such as irritability, agitation & mood swings
Nervousness & fine tremors
Heat intolerance
Weight loss
Smooth, soft skin and hair
palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias
diarrhea
protruding eyeballs
diaphoresis
HTN
enlarged thyroid gland
Hypothyroidism Assessment
Hypothyroidism Assessment
Lethargy and fatigue
Weakness, muscle aches, paresthesias
Intolerance to cold
Weight gain
Dry skin & hair, loss of body hair
bradycardia
constipation
generalized puffiness and edema around the eyes and face (myxedema)
forgetfulness and memory loss
menstrual disturbances
cardiac enlargement, tendency to develop HF, goiter may or may not be present
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Potentially fatal syndrome that may occur at any time during therapy with antipsychotic medications
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Assessent
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Assessent
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Fever
High or low BP
Increased sweating
Loss of bladder control
Skeletal rigidity
Pale skin
Excessive weakness or fatigue
Altered LOC
Seizures
Severe EPS
Difficulty swallowing and excessive salvation
Oculogyric crisis
Dyskinesia
Elevated WBC, liver function results and creatine level
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Interventions
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Interventions
Notify HCP
Monitor VS
Initiate safety & seizure precautions
Prepare to discontinue medication
Monitor LOC
Administer antipyretics as prescribed
Use a cooling blanket to lower body temp
Monitor electrolyte levels and administer fluid IV as prescribed
Cushing’s Sydrome
Cushing’s Sydrome
A metabolic disorder resulting from the chronic and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex or by the administration of glucocorticoids in large doses
Cushing’s Disease
Cushing’s Disease
A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally increased secretion (endogenous) of cortisol, caused by increased amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreted by the pituitary gland
Cushing’s Disease Assessment
Cushing’s Disease Assessment
Generalized muscle wasting and weakness
Moon face, buffalo hump
Truncal obesity with thin extremities, supraclavicular fat pads, weight gai
Hirsutism (masculine characteristics in females)
Hyperglycemia, Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
HTN
Fragile Skin that easily bruises
Reddish purple striae on the abdomen and upper thighs
Addison’s Disease
Addison’s Disease
Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) from the adrenal gland, resulting in deficiency of the corticosteroids hormones
Addison’s Disease Assessment
Addison’s Disease Assessment
Lethargy, fatigue, muscle weakness
Gastrointestinal disturbances
Weight loss
Menstrual changes in women; impotence in men
Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia
Hypotension
Hyperpigmentation of skin (bronzed) with primary disease
Addison’s Crisis
Addison’s Crisis
A life-threatening disorder caused by adrenal hormone insufficiency. Crisis is precipitated by infection, trauma, stress, or surgery. Death can occur from shock, vascular collapse, or hyperkalemia
Addison’s Crisis Assessment
Addison’s Crisis Assessment
Severe headache
Severe abdominal, leg, and lower back pain
Generalized weakness
Irritability and confusion
Severe hypotension
Shock
Addison’s Crisis Interventions
Addison’s Crisis Interventions
Admin glucocorticoids as prescribed (usually IV hydrocortisone sodium)
Wilm’s Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
Wilm’s Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
Most common intraabdominal and kidney tumor of childhood; it may manifest unilaterally and localized or bilaterally, sometimes w/ metastasis to other organs
Peak onset is age 3
Nurse - measure abdominal girth pre-op
Atrial fibrillation (A Fib)
Atrial fibrillation (A Fib)
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) often, but not always, resulting in a fast heart beat (greater than 100 bpm) at rest. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke so patients with this condition typically are placed on anticoagulants. Ex: Warfarin. Important things to monitor in these patients are INR levels, heart rate and changes in circulation.
Diverticular disease
Diverticulosis is a chronic condition of multiple diverticula formation that develops most commonly in middle age. It is typically discovered during routine colonoscopy screening, is often asymptomatic, and does not usually require treatment. Diverticulitis is an inflammatory complication of diverticulosis. It causes signs and symptoms that can have serious consequences. Most uncomplicated diverticulitis patients with mild symptoms are treated with antibiotics and a clear liquid diet. Nursing interventions includes monitoring for strict intake and output and administering antibiotics.
Crohn’s disease
Crohn’s disease
Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory disorder affecting mostly the distal ileum and colon. Crohn disease results in the malabsorption of water and nutrients, which may lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Anemia often results, secondary to poor dietary intake and/or absorption of vitamins and nutrients.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome
IBS is a disorder that produces chronic, uncontrolled inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, causing edema, ulceration, bleeding, and profound fluid and electrolyte losses. Patients experience abdominal cramping, pain with diarrhea, nausea, dehydration, weight loss, cachexia, and anemia. Patients may experience an average of 5 to 10 diarrhea stools each day that also contain mucus leading to anemia, hypovolemia, and malnutrition. Anemia is related to active bleeding and poor intake and/or absorption of nutrients. Nursing interventions includes monitoring hemoglobin levels and intake and output.
