Diseases 2 for test retake

Question 1

In the case of pneumothorax where should the chest tube be placed?
A. Inserted outside of the alveoli but within mediastinum
B. At the bottom of the lung, the lower lobe to facilitate removal by pressure gradient
C. Inserted at 2nd or 3rd intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line
D. Inserted directly into the affected lung lobe to force out air from lung cavity

Answer 1

C. Insert chest tube at 2nd or 3rd intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line

Question 2

What level of pressure is used in chest tube for infant?

Answer 2

When connected to underwater seal drainage unit, it should have -20 cmH2O

Question 3

When air trapping is present due to pneumothorax regional over-distention may occur when
A. Less compliant alveoli require adjustments to pressure
B. Increased resistance causes more stress on alveoli
C. Both dynamic compliance & static compliance decline
D. when compliant alveoli are next to atelectatic alveoli which can cause rupture and PIE

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How do you find the OI, what is the formula?

Answer 4

MAP x FIO2 x 100 / PaO2

Question 5

Indications for use of nitric oxide is hypoxic respiratory failure as indicated by OI score of ____________.

Answer 5

Greater than 25

Question 6

When administering NO you should begin at _____ ppm and after _____ hours you will consider decreasing to ______ ppm if patient is stable and able to keep PO2> 60; pH

Answer 6

20 ppm is beginning dose
After 4 hours may decrease to 5 ppm
70%

Question 7

_______ is an inflammatory bowel process resulting in injury to the intestinal mucosa.

Answer 7

NEC or nectrotizing entercolitis

Question 8

The primary risk factor for developing NEC is?
A. Meconium aspiration
B. Prematurity
C. Diaphragmatic hernia
D. Mechanical ventilation

Answer 8

B. Prematurity is primary risk factor; other associated risks are hypoxia & GI infection

Question 9

NEC can be seen in term infants & is associated with
I. Congenital heart disease
II. Polycythemia
III Birth asphyxia
IV. Prenatal diabetes mellitus
A. 1 & II
B. I & III
C. I, II, III
D. I, II, III, IV

Answer 9

C. I, II, III

CHD, polycythemia, birth asphyxia

Question 10

This sign of respiratory distress results from exhalation against a partially closed glottis?
A. Stridor
B. Wheezing
C. Grunting
D. Rhonchi

Answer 10

C. Grunting

Question 11

Select the correct statments pertaining to retractions:
I. Retractions involve the outward movement of chest wall
II. They may occur between ribs (intercostal) above the clavicle (supraclavicular) or below rib margins (Subcostal)l
III Seen most commonly in newborns due to their high compliance chest wall;
IV. As the diaphragm is forcefully contracted the abdomen will protrude
V. Negative pressure causes inward movement of anterior chest wall, produces a see saw pattern
A. I, II, III
B. I, II, III, IV
C. II, III, IV, V
D. I, II, III, IV, V

Answer 11

C: (answer 1 incorrect as retractions involve inward movement of chest wall)

Question 12

Nasal flaring involves the flaring of nostrils during _______ (inspiration or expiration)

Answer 12

Nasal flaring occurs during inspiration

Question 13

Tachypnea in newborn is a RR > _______.

Answer 13

60 bpm

Question 14

T or F: An infants temperature is a vital part of the infants acid / base status.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

A normal RR is ______ for a newborn.

Answer 15

30-60 bpm

Question 16

T or F: It is best to evaluate an infants RR when cyring if possible.

Answer 16

False; should not be taken when crying

Question 17

T or F: An episode of apnea which can last as long as 10 seconds in infants is known as periodic breathing which normally indicates this infant has a disease abnormality; continuing dx evaluation is vital to treat condition.

Answer 17

False; periodic breathing is normal if not associated with cyanosis or bradycardia

Question 18

T or F Primary apnea normally will stop once an infant is stimulated; secondary apnea patients will not start breathing on their own.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In the case of significant apnea, this condition is usually present?

Answer 19

Bradycardia

Question 20

________ is another method of scoring acute respiratory distress in the neonate. The higher the score the more severe stress.
A. Ballard score
B. Silverman score
C. Dubowitz score

Answer 20

B. Silverman is another method of scoring degree of respiratory distress in infants