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NCLEX > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Cushing’s

A

too many steroids - therefore will have too much aldosterstone that will cause retention of Na and water so can go into fluid volume overload

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2
Q

Conn’s Syndrome

A

Hyperaldosterone Syndrome - will have too much aldosterstone that will cause retention of Na and water so can go into fluid volume overload

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3
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

(adrenocortical insufficiency - not enough steriods)
too little aldosterone - will lose Na and water so can go into fluid volume deficit
and retain potassium
so not enough steroids, shock, and high potassium

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4
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH

A 
TOO MANY LETTERS TOO MUCH WATER
Retain Water
Fluid Volume Excess
Urine Concentrated (so increased #s)
Blood Dilute (so decreased #s)
Decreased urine output - because antidiuretic hormone forcing them to hold onto water
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5
Q

Ascites

A 
Fluid in abdomen (not in vascular space)
Will have BREATHING TROUBLES because fluid pushing on abdomen
Vascular volume deficit can lead to shock
Measure abdominal girth
Get bp (could be hypotensive because fluid in wrong space)
Liver failure
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6
Q

Psychogenic polydipsia

A

constantly drinking water

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7
Q

curling’s ulcer

A

stress ulcer after burn

use antacids, H2 antagonist, and proton pump inhibitors to prevent

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8
Q

Cachexia -

A

extreme wasting and malnutrition

usually cancer pts

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9
Q

Pancytopenia -

A

all blood components are decreased

RBC, WBC, platelets

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10
Q

mucositis

A

sores in mouth

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11
Q

Dehiscence

A

incision separating

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12
Q

Evisceration

A 
organs coming out
1st don't leave pt
do not apply pressure
put sterile 4x4 with NS on 
call MD
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13
Q

Graves Disease

A 
Hyperthyroid 
TOO MUCH ENERGY
Nervous
Weight loss
sweaty/hot
exopthalamos
decreased attention span
increased appetite
irritable 
GI fast
increased bp
thyroid enlarges
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14
Q

Exophthamalmos

A

bulging eyes

irreversible

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15
Q

Myxedema

A 
Hypothyroid
No energy
fatigue
slow GI
weight gain
usaully cold
slow speech
no expression 
pt could be totally immobile
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16
Q

cretinism

A

hypothyroidism (myedema) present at birth

very dangerous and could lead to slow mental and physical development

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17
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

adrenal medulla problem
benign tumors that can secrete epi and norepi in boluses
So increase BP, HR
Flushing/diaphoretic/headaches

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18
Q

vitiligo

A

white patchy areas of depigmented skin

seen in addison’s disease

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19
Q

Addison’s Disease s/s

A 
starts with hyperkalemia
anorexia/nausea
hyperpigmentation - bronzing color of the skin and mucous membranes 
decreased bowl sounds
GI upset
vitiligo - white patchy areas of depigmented skin
hypotension
hypoglycemia
Losing weight
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20
Q

hyperpigmentation -

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A

bronzing color of the skin and mucous membranes

21
Q

polydipsia

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A

excessive thirst

22
Q

polyphagia

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A

excessive hunger

23
Q

type I diabetes

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A

Have no insulin
dx as child
first sign usually DKA

24
Q

polyuria

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A

excessive urination

25
Metabolic syndrome
``` (syndrome x) insulin resistance abdominal obesity (waist >40 in for males >35 females) increased triglycerides decreased HDL increase BP and CAD ```
26
DKA
absent or inadequate insulin that causes bloods sugar that goes sky high
27
HHNK or HHS
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketosis Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State looks like DKA but no acidosis making just enough insulin so they aren't breaking down body fat
28
neurogenic bladder
bladder does not empty properly may empty spontaneously or not at all (neuropathy from diabetes)
29
gastroparesis
stomach emptying is delayed so there is an increased risk for aspiration (neuropathy from diabetes)
30
anhedoina
loss of pleasure in usually pleasurable things | seen in depression
31
echolalia -
hear something and repeat it over and over | schizophrenic pts
32
neologism -
making up new words schizophrenic pts seek clarification say "i don't understand" makes alteration in communication top nursing problem
33
command hallucination
auditory hallucinations that command pt to hurt themselves or others
34
korsakoff's syndrome
disoriented to time, confabulate - can't remember so just make up complication of detox
35
wernicke's syndrome
emotions labile, moody, tire easily
36
subcutaneous emphysema
air trapped in the tissue feels like soft bubble wrap perforated airway no way for evaluation
37
pulmonary emboli
``` hypoxemia #1 symptom decrease O2, SOB, cough, increase RR hemoptysis (coughing up blood) chest pain (sharp, stabbing) CXR - atlectisis pulmonary hypertension ```
38
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
39
glomerulonephritis s/s
``` sore throat (form strep) malaise and headache increase BUN and creatinine sediment/protein/blood in urine increase BP facial edema decreased UO increase specific gravity FVE ```
40
anasarca
total body edema, seen with nephrotic syndrome
41
nephrotic syndrome
proteinuria and the pt comes hypoalbuminemic, so now fluid goes out into tissues because can't hold onto in vascular space decreases circulating blood volume body tries to replace it and aldosterone is produced causing retention of Na and water but no protein to hold it so goes out into the tissues
42
nephrotic syndrome vs glomerulonephritis
nephrotic loose way more protein and a lot more edematis
43
urolithiasis
kidney stones HEMATURIA pain (N/V) WBCs in urine
44
pancreatitis
``` auto digestion of the pancreas - enzymes get stuck in pancreas and eat it because they can't get out #1 cause alcoholism ```
45
pancreatitis s/s
``` pain that increases with eating ascites abdominal mass rigid boardlike abdomen cullen's sign (bleeding around umbilicus) hypotension ```
46
ascites will cause
trouble breathing because pushing on diaphragm , decreases vascular volume
47
cirrhosis s/s
``` firm nodular liver - from scar tissue abdominal pain chronic dyspepsia (GI upset) / change in bowels ascites spleenomehaly decrease serum albumin (fluid leaves vascular space) increase ALT and AST anemia ```
48
asterixis
hand flapping with liver problems

NCLEX (7 decks)

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