Diseases

Question 1

abnormal trophoblastic proliferation leading to too much hCG being produced; complete or partial; vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, large uterus; can lead to a choriocarcinoma

Answer 1

Hydatidiform Mole; complete is fertilization of empty oocyte and duplication of sperm of fertilization of empty oocyte by two sperm; partial is fertilization of normal oocyte by two sperm

Question 2

Malignant tumor derived from hydatidiform mole; liver, lungs, vagina, intestines, bone, and brain

Answer 2

Choriocarcinomas

Question 3

Jefferson Fracture

Answer 3

(burst fracture); fracture of both arches of atlas due to blow to head from top; usually will not hurt spinal cord

Question 4

Hangman’s Fracture

Answer 4

Fracture of the vertebral arch of the axis (laminae)

Question 5

Vertebral lamina fails to fuse and close off the vertebral canal; often in lower back but can be anywhere

Answer 5

Spina Bifida

Question 6

the vertebral canal is too narrow and squeezes spinal cord or nerves

Answer 6

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Question 7

needle inserted between L3/L4 or L4/L5 at the iliac crests to prevent injury to the spinal cord; pops as passes through liagmentum flavum and passes into the lumbar cistern deep

Answer 7

Lumbar Puncture

Question 8

L5 transverse process fuses in with the sacrum

Answer 8

Sacralization

Question 9

Lateral curvature of spine

Answer 9

scoliosis

Question 10

Whiplash Injury

Answer 10

excessive stretching and tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament; recoil can cause hyper flexion as well

Question 11

Spinal injury

Answer 11

Put the anterior longitudinal ligament in a state of extension; helps to realign the bones and spine

Question 12

Disc Herniation

Answer 12

occurs posterolaterally; nucleus pulposus herniates through the annulus fibrosis; no support from ALL or PLL; L4/L5 and L5/S1 because bigger discs

Question 13

Second Number Rule

Answer 13

spinal nerve affected is the second number of the pair for cervical and lumbar area

Question 14

Back sprain

Answer 14

ligamentous attachment injury

Question 15

Back strain

Answer 15

extensive stretching or tearing of the musculature

Question 16

Spinal cord injury

Answer 16

C1-3 needs respirator; C4-5 can breathe but not use limbs; C6-8 cannot use hands and variable upper arm; T1-9 paralysis of lower limbs; T10-L1 some thigh muscle ability (walking?); L2-3 most lower leg function, can walk with small braces usually

Question 17

Back pain

Answer 17

muscular, fibroskeletal, and joint (synovial)

Question 18

clavicle fracture that is incomplete

Answer 18

Greenstick fracture

Question 19

Colle’S Fracture

Answer 19

fall and break distal part of radius; also often styloid of ulna

Question 20

compression of medial nerve In carpal tunnel

Answer 20

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 21

compression of ulnar nerve in guyon’s tunnel between pisiform and hammulus

Answer 21

Guyon’s canal syndrome

Question 22

Distal phalanx fracture

Answer 22

fracture of distal phalanx often hurts nail bed, skin, etc.

Question 23

inflammation of the subcutaneous olecranon bursa

Answer 23

miner’s elbow, dart thrower’s elbow, student’s elbow; excessive friction between skin and olecranon

Question 24

sprain of lateral collateral L. of thumb

Answer 24

Bull rider’s thumb

Question 25

laxity/rupture of medial and lateral collateral Ls. or just medial

Answer 25

Skier's or Gamekeeper's thumb

Question 26

hyperflexion of distal interphalangeal joint can bring extensor tendon away from distal phalanx

Answer 26

Mallett or Baseball finger

Question 27

shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia contracting fourth and fifth digits

Answer 27

Dupuytren Contracture

Question 28

Injury to long thoracic nerve (serratus anterior M.) results in winging of scapula making it difficult to abduct the upper limbs

Answer 28

Winging of the scapula

Question 29

benign proliferation; remnant of primitive streak due to cells of epiblast continuing to divide

Answer 29

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

Question 30

slow growing aggressive bone neoplasms; arise from notochord; occur in axial skeleton (sphenoid-occipital region of skull)

Answer 30

Chordomas

Question 31

Caudal neuropore does not close at appropriate time

Answer 31

Spina bifida occulta, meningocele, meningomyelocele, and myelocele

Question 32

delayed closing of caudal neuropore; vertebral (neural) arches did not fuse all the way together

Answer 32

spina bifida occulta

Question 33

Cyst of meninges; dura mater makes cyst like protrusion out of back; no neural/vertebral arches; CSF in cyst

Answer 33

Meningocele

Question 34

cyst of meninges with neural tube (spinal cord) protrusion into cyst; motor and sensory defects

Answer 34

Meningomyelocele

Question 35

spinal cord is open and exposed through back; must surgically correct right after birth; motor and sensory deficits

Answer 35

Myelocele

Question 36

failure of rostral neuropore to close properly; cannot live, no skull

Answer 36

Anencephaly

Question 37

failure of rostral neuropore to close properly; without brain tissue involvement can be normal, if brain tissue present can have problems

Answer 37

Encephalocele

Question 38

formation of an extra rib above rib 1; not fully developed and may or may not fully develop; cause thoracic outlet syndrome (compress brachial plexus or subclavian artery)

Answer 38

Cervical rib

Question 39

Sternum protrusion with unknown cause; no known problems just looks weird as fuck

Answer 39

Pectus Carinatum or pigeon chest

Question 40

sternum depression or funnel chest; can compress the heart and shift it over to one side (usually left); SOB and pain during exercise along with exercise intolerance

Answer 40

Pectus Excavatum

Question 41

absence of migration of hypomere into chest; no pectorals major and minor forms; associated with syndactyly, absence of 2-4 ribs, ipsilateral breast hypoplasia; other muscles compensate

Answer 41

Poland syndrome

Question 42

Partial or complete absence of abdominal musculature (from hypomere); affects males mainly; associated with cryptorchidism (failure of testes To descend) and malformations of urinary tract and bladder

Answer 42

Prune-Belly Syndrome

Question 43

Bicipital tendon reflex

Answer 43

can be indicative of a problem with musculocutaneous N. or C5 and C6 anterior rami

Question 44

repetitive movement of long head of bicep through intertubercular groove can inflame the tendon or even cause it to separate (Popeye deformity)

Answer 44

Biceps tendinitis

Question 45

repetitive use of superficial extensor muscles leading to inflammation and pain over lateral humeral epicondyle and down the posterior forearm

Answer 45

Lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow

Question 46

lay hand flat and look for small area b/w extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 46

anatomical snuff box; both radial artery and superficial radial N. present

Question 47

area susceptible to aneurysm in people with repeated rapid arm movements, and can compress brachial plexus resulting in pain or loss of sensation

Answer 47

Region 1 of axillary A.