Diseases Flashcards
(47 cards)
What disease is meconium ileum associated with
Cystic fibrosis
Why does CF cause meconium ileus
Meconium blocks the lumen of the bowl due to increase stickiness of the intestinal tract
XR sign for meconium ileus
Soap bubble sign
Symptoms of meconium ileus
Bowels not opened in first 48 hours of life
What is duodenal atresia
Congenital malformation of the bowel where the intestine is completely closed off causing complete obstruction preventing the passage of food and fluids
Diseases associated with duodenal atresia
Polyhydramnios, Down’s syndrome, cardiac abnormalities, prematurity
Symptoms of duodenal atresia
Bilious/non-bile stained vomiting in 24-38 hours of life (depending on whether its before/after the ampulla of Vater)
XR sign for duodenal atresia
Double bubble on XR
Treatment of duodenal atresia
NG tube + IV fluids, surgery= duodena-duodenostomy
What is biliary atresia
Failure of biliary tract to develop causing scarring and blockage of bile ducts, preventing the passage of bile out of the liver, causes and accumulation of conjugated bilirubin in the blood which cannot enter the intestinal tract
Symptoms of biliary atresia
Prolonged jaundice > 14 days + pale, chalky white stools
Cause of inguinal hernia
Failure of processes vaginalis to close allowing a loop of bowel to become stuck in inguinal canal
What is volvulus
Twisting of the bowel causing intestinal blockage, twisting of the mesentery surrounding the bowel can cut off blood supply to the midgut
Symptoms of volvulus
Bilious vomiting (mossy green colour)
What is necrotising enterocolitis
Inflammation of the bowel leading to necrosis, dead bowel perforates and leaks contents into the abdomen, bacteria enters bloodstream causing sepsis
Symptoms of necrotising enterocolitis
Passage of blood + mucous, distended abdomen, sepsis
Investigations of necrotising enterocolitis
Stool cultures, abdo XR
Treatment of necrotising enterocolitis
Stop feeding orally, broad spectrum antibiotics, parental nutrition, surgery
What is Hirschsprung disease
A congenital abnormality resulting in lack of parasympathetic ganglion in the intestine causing an absence of peristalsis causing functional obstructin
Symptoms of Hirschsprung disease
Failure to pass stool in the first 48 hours of life, abdominal distension, bile-stained vomiting, narrowed segment on rectal examination with gush of liquid tools on withdrawal of finger
Epidemiology of pyloric stenosis
Boys, first born, familial occurrence, 2-7 weeks old
Pathogenesis of pyloric stenosis
Thickening of pylorus muscle preventing passage of materials through the pylorus
Symptoms of pyloric stenosis
Projectile non bile stained vomiting, frequency + severity increases as the child grows
Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis
US, pyloric mass present in RUQ, test feed
