Diseases And Disorders Flashcards
(166 cards)
0
Q
A physician who treats skin diseases and disorders
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Dermatologist
1
Q
Branch of medical science that studies and treats the skin and its disorders and diseases
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Dermatology
2
Q
A pathological condition that affects any part of the body.
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Disease
3
Q
A disturbance of the normal function of the skin
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Disorder
4
Q
If a pathological disease producing organism invades the body, then this is called what?
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Infection
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Q
The body’s response to injury is produce what?
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Inflammation
6
Q
The recognition of a disease from its symptoms by a physician?
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Diagnosis
7
Q
The foretelling of the probable cause of disease by a physician?
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Prognosis
8
Q
The study of the CAUSE of a disease?
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Etiology
9
Q
The study of a disease is called?
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Pathology
10
Q
Causes by a harmful disease producing bacteria
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Pathogenic disease
11
Q
Structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury. Any mark, symptom, or abnormality
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Lesion
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Q
What are the three types of lesions?
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Primary
Secondary
Vascular/Tertiary
13
Q
Characterized by changes in color - macules, papules, or patches
They can even be an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as a vesicle, blister (bullae), or pustules
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Primary lesion
14
Q
Light colored, slightly raised mark on skin formed after injury; tissue hardens to heal
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Scars
15
Q
Skin lesions that result when primary lesions undergo a natural evolution, or are manipulated by the patient. They may require treatment by a physician
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Secondary lesion
16
Q
Are usually blood related
- port wine stains
- spider naevi
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Vascular/tertiary lesion
17
Q
Why do estheticians need to recognize the various types of lesions?
A
To be able to identify certain conditions for proper referral to a physician.
18
Q
Initially the skin appears red and is itchy. Small thin walled blisters appear, these burst and form into crusts. Commonly affected areas are the mouth and ears, but can appear on the scalp and limbs. (Contagious)
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Impetigo
19
Q
Red swollen eyes with drainage. Eye will be very itchy. (Highly contagious)
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Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
20
Q
Red inflamed pimple at base of eyelash hair follicle (not contagious but is auto infectious)
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Styes
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Q
Bacterial infection. A subcutaneous abscess filled with pus. Red tender to the touch, can produce heat. Extremely painful and deep seated. Found anywhere on the body. (Non contagious)
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Boils/furuncles & carbuncles
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Q
Viral infection. Red, fluid filled blisters, which will eventually crust over. ( fever blister, cold sores) located on mouth, nose, eyes, and face. Highly contagious
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Herpes simplex
23
Q
A small elevated pimple or bump does not contain any fluid or pus. Found anywhere on the body and is not contagious.
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Papules
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An inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus. (White blood cells and other debris. Found anywhere on the body. It contagious but you can spread it from one area to another.
Pustle
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Infestation. Female itch mite burrows under skin to lay eggs. Once eggs are laid she exits the host. Like warm places on the body like the webs of fingers and toes, elbows, wrist, waist, and groin. Highly contagious
Scabies
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Congestive blushing and flushing reaction of the central areas of the face & neck. Central areas of face and neck. Not contagious
Rosacea
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Pigment disorder. Begins with small hypo pigmented patches and then converges into larger areas. Basal cells are no longer able to manufacture melanin. Complete loss of color in the skin and hair. Not contagious.
Vitiligo
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Complete lack of pigmentation of the skin hair and eyes. Whole body is affected. Not contagious
Albinism
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Hyper-pigmentation. Harmless light to deep brown patches, irregular in shape & size. On the face or abdomen. Not contagious.
Chloasma (malasma)
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Mole or birthmark. Generally pigmented areas in shades of brown. Some have hair others do not. Found anywhere on the body. Not contagious but can be cancerous.
Nevus
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Vascular disorder. Small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membrane ( nose ), measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter. Can develop anywhere commonly seen around nose, cheeks, & chin also can develop on upper thigh, below knee joint. Not contagious.
Telangeictasia
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Vascular disorder. Large dilated capillaries clustered together, ranging in color from pink to dark red. Commonly found on face but can be found anywhere on body. Not contagious
Port wine stain
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Vascular disorder. Consist of a central dilated vessel with smaller capillaries radiating out from it like the legs of a spider. Commonly found on face and legs but can be found anywhere on body. Not contagious.
Spider naevi
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Vascular disorder. Tiny clusters of capillaries at the surface of the skin that form a small round dome. Found commonly on trunk of body but can be found anywhere. Not contagious.
Cherry angiomas.
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Vascular disorder. Enlarged, twisted, painful superficial veins resulting from poorly functioning valves. Can cause night cramping, burning and itching in the leg. Commonly found on lower lower legs. Not contagious.
Varicose veins
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Trapped sebum or cholesterol deposit. White pearl like nodules. Sebum is trapped under the epidermis due to pore being over grown. Found on cheek and eye area on fine skin. Not contagious.
Milia
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Small black or dark blockage in the pore. It hardens keratinized sebum that blocks the hair follicle. Found anywhere on the body. Not contagious.
Comedones
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Skin appears oily, causing pimples, comedones, pustules & papules formation, scaring and sometimes cysts. Entire face, neck, shoulders, chest, or back or can be confined to any one area. Not contagious unless a staphylococcal infection is present.
Acne vulgaris
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Inflamed red patches covered in white silvery scales or plaques. The cells of the epidermis continue to divide and over produce. Can cause pain and discomfort. Commonly found on the elbows, but can be found anywhere on the body. It's not contagious but can be spread to other parts of the body.
Psoriasis
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Is manifested by symptoms of more or less violent character and short duration.
Acute disease
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Diseases manifested as a result of a comprised immune system
Auto immune diseases
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When a disease spreads to other areas on the same person
Auto infectious
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Is of long duration, mild, but recurring
Chronic disease
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Present at birth
Congenital disease
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Communicable by contact
Contagious disease
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The recognition of a disease from its symptoms by a physician
Diagnosis
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A disturbance of the normal function of the skin
Disorder
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The medical term for swelling
Edema
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Full of fluid
Edematous
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Scrapes, scratches or a pin point opening of the skin
Excoriation
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Describes lesions that are shaped like a map or land mass
Geographic
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Due to pathogenic germs taken into the body as a result of contact with a contaminated object or lesion
Infectious disease
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Swelling caused by the body's response to injury.
Inflammation
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Caused by a pathological or disease producing organism invading the body
Infection
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Describes lesions in the shape of a line
Linear
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Any sort of flat lesion
Macule
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Is a solid bump that can be felt that is larger than 1 centimeter - the ones that are felt and can be moved or lifted from the skin are considered palpable - they can be caused by infections, scar tissue, fatty deposits or other conditions - very large ones are called tumors
Nodules
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Are visible, noticeable symptoms such as edema or erythema
Objective symptoms
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Contracted by engaging in certain types of employment.
Occupational disease
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Disease causing
Pathological
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Macules larger than one centimeter
Patches
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Lesions that have flat surfaces, yet are raised above the skin
Plaques
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Diseases associated with the rate of cell turnover
Proliferative diseases
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Describes lesions that are ring shaped
Rounded
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Influenced by the weather
Seasonal disease
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Describes lesions that are wavy and shaped like a snake
Serpiginous
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Symptoms that can be felt by the individual but are not detectable through normal observation. These symptoms include pruritus, stinging, burning and pain
Subjective symptoms
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Is due to either an over or under functioning of the internal glands
Systemic disease
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A chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands
Acne
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A disorder where the client purposefully scrapes off the surface of the skin on all acne lesions (or imaginary lesions)
Acne excoriee
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Are indented scars that are a result of the skin being destroyed by a pimple or cysts
Acne pit scars
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A comedo without a dilated ostium or follicular opening - it appears as a small bump below the skin's surface
Closed comedo
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More than on comedo - are a build up of dead cells within the follicle held together by solidified sebum
Comedones
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Are large, visible open pores that look as if the skin has been injured with an ice pick or sharp thin instrument - this condition is caused by a deep pimple or cyst that has destroyed the follicle as the infection worked its way to the surface of the skin
Ice pick scars
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Whiteheads - epidermal cysts that are just under the surface of the skin that resemble tiny round beads - they contain sebaceous secretions and a buildup of dead cells. may form after trauma to the skin or surgical procedure
Milia
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A blackhead - the color is caused by oxidized sebum
Open comedo
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A type of raised lesion characterized by red bumps - they can easily be felt when touched (acne)
Papule
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An acne condition that occurs around the mouth and nasolabial folds believed to be caused by heavy creams, touching the face, normal factors or from tooth paste.
Perioral dermatitis
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Are solid impactions of oil and material similar to comedones, except they do not have cell matter
Sebaceous filaments
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A severe bacterial infection of the skin caused by the staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It may affect with chronic Lymphedema, viral infections, contact & atopic dermatitis, lupus, chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by inflamed, red-hot areas of the skin accompanied by swelling
Cellulitis
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Also called a boil, is caused by bacteria that enters the skin through the hair follicles - it is a subcutaneous abscess fills with pus
Furuncle
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Is a bacterial infection caused by the staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes strains. It appears quite frequently in children.
Impetigo
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Caused by disease - producing bacteria staphylococcus, streptococcus
Pathogenic disease
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A fluid by product that is a mixture of dead white blood cells, bacteria, blood, and cells that have been destroyed by infection
Pus
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A condition most related with acne whereby the normal shedding of skin cells is comprised. The skin cells do not shed in their usual way, the follicles clog with surface sebum to form micro comedones and then manifest into acne
Retention hyperkeratosis
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Is a subcutaneous tumor of the sebaceous glands ranging in size from a pea to an orange (in the scalp region)
Sebaceous cyst or steatoma
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A genetic dermatitis - generally prevalent in people with asthma, airborne allergies and over reactive immune systems
Atopic dermatitis
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An allergic reaction to the skin caused by a particular substance or sensitizing agent - ex: poison ivy, laundry detergent, causing an immune response - inflammation
Contact dermatitis
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Any sort of inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
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A developed allergy to beauty products such as shampoos, hair color, cosmetics, antiseptics, perm solution
Dermatitis venenata
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Dermatitis caused by an irritating chemical
Irritant contact dermatitis
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A form of eczema dermatitis accompanied by oiliness
Seborrheic dermatitis
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Intertrigo is an infection caused by candida characterized by a fungus growth in the folds of the body. Perleche, is the term for yeast erosions in the corners of the mouth. Oral Thrust is candida infection of the mouth characterized by cream-colored patches on the roof of the mouth, throat and insides of the mouth. This disorder is systemic and needs to be treated as such - a strict diet as well as drugs intervention is usually prescribed.
Candidiasis
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Are fungal infections of the skin - they include ringworm, swimmers ear, tinea versicolor, athlete's foot and jock itch. Fungus feeds on sugar and carbohydrates, therefore high carbohydrates should be avoided when on therapy. Medications may include, salicylic acid, zinc pyrithione, sulphur - essential oil of thyme and yogurt has also be effective.
Tinea
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Ringworm - it is red, ringed pattern with elevated edges that resemble a worm under the skin. It is most often seen on the body, but can appear on the face or scalp. Ringworm is highly contagious.
Tinea corporis
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Athletes foot - itching, flaking, burning yeast infection that affects the toes and possibly the toenails.
Tinea pedis
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Is caused by the yeast: pityosporon. It is characterized by an absence of pigment, particularly after sun exposure. The individual tans only in areas where the yeast has not affected melanin production. It should not be confused with Vitiligo.
Tinea versicolor
| Pityriasis versicolor
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Freckles from sun damage
Actinic Lentigines
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A congenital absence of melanin pigment - it can be the skin, hair or eyes
Albinism
100
Increased deposits of pigment in the skin (moth patches)
Chloasma
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A condition that appears in black skin and is characterized by small dark brown lesions that resemble tiny moles. The cause is hereditary and linked to chromosome upset in genetic disposition.
Dermatosis papulosa nigra
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Is any abnormal discoloration of the skin - it may be due to vascular lesions, hypo pigmentation or hyper pigmentation
Dyschromia
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A type of macule that includes freckles and Lentigines.
Hyper pigmented macules
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The overproduction and increased deposits of melanin in the skin. They appear as macules and patches and may appear anywhere one the body. Causes include: sun exposure, medications, injuries, rashes, chemical irritation
Hyper pigmentation
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The absence of pigmentation in the skin caused by a defect in the manufacture of melanocytes, or a disorder that prevents the melanocytes from producing melanin.
Hypo pigmentation
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The singular form of Lentigines
Lentigo
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Small light brown to medium brown colored spots as a result of sun exposure
Lentigines
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The class given to vitiligo and albinism
Leukoderma
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It is a common term used to describe a hyper pigmentation disorder linked to hormonal influence. Often called "pregnancy mask"
Melasma
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"Age spots" damage from the sun
Solar Lentigines
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A chronic disorder characterized by masses of depigmentation - it may occur in any color skin or nationality, and usually begins to appear from age 10-30. It appears to be inherited and more than 30% affected have a parent or sibling with the disorder. Three principles have been presented regarding its manifestation: autoimmune theory (melanocytes are destroyed by lymphocytes) neurogenic theory (melanocytes are destroyed by toxic substances) other hypothesis express exposure top severe trauma (surgery) illness or severe emotional stress, even a severe sunburn may precipitate it. It is not uncommon for it to be associated with thyroid disease - grave's disease, diabetes, or hashimoto's thyrioditis
Vitiligo
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Related to the blood vessels
Vascular
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The term used by estheticians to describe red flushing of the skin. It is not to be confused with rosacea
Couperose
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Bruise
Ecchymosis
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A deep vein thrombosis effect from severe cellulitis causing severe pain and swelling. It requires immediate medical attention.
Erysipelas
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A localized collection of blood under the skin that appears to make the skin look sore and swollen.
Hematoma
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Metro Gel, metro Cream or Noritate - topical anti-yeast medication for roseaca.
Metronidazole
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Tiny, pinpoint red spots from trauma
Petechiae
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Any form of lesion caused by bleeding under the skin
Purpura
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Advanced stage of roseaca involving cartilage overgrowth
Rhinophyma
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A biochemical in the skin that is responsible for the development of new blood vessels and may be uncontrolled in roseaca clients.
Vascular growth factor
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Red or purple spots that remain form healing blemishes or other injuries
Vascular macule
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Sudden dilation of blood vessels
Vasodilatation
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A syndrome caused by a virus know as Human immunodeficiency virus . HIV causes the body's immune cells or T cells to function abnormally - the body cannot defend itself properly
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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A virus from the family of the pox group. Manifestations of molluscum on the face may suggest HIV disease.
Molluscum contagiosum
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Oval or round red patches of skin that may cover the entire body and have a flesh colored center. A virus is thought to cause it but it is not proven. It rarely appears on the face. It features a "herald patch" where other smaller lesions appear after it.
Pity raisins Rosea
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Medical term for wart.
Verruca
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Are caused by the human papilloma virus HPV. There are three types of warts: common, planters and flat. This type of virus is a double strand DNA virus, and is transmitted by skin to skin contact,it is highly contagious.
Warts
129
Sin tags , are small extensions of skin - they can be flesh colored, brown or black
Acrochordons
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Is a condition of dry, scaly skin characterized by an absolute or partial deficiency of sebum usually due to aging or disorders of the body.
Asteatosis
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A large blister containing a watery fluid is called a?
Bullae
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A dried body serum liquid that (pus or blood) may be seen around different types of lesions
Crust
133
When a follicle ruptures deep within the dermis, dead cells and oil seep into the surrounding area and form a large hard, painful lump under the skin - are pockets of fluid, infection or other matter under the skin. As it works its way to the surface, it destroys many live cells and will often leave permanent scars
Cysts
134
Small mites in the skin associated with rosacea
Demodex
135
An auto immune disease that afflicts the body's muscles resulting in inflammation
Dermatomyositis
136
Is an inflammation of the skin acute and chronic in nature presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions
Eczema
137
A type of scar that is a depression in the skin's surface - absence of tissue
Erosion
138
A redness of the skin caused by inflammation
Erythema
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Is an inflammation of the hair follicle caused by yeast or the staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It is characterized by small swelled bumps at the sight of the follicle and may be accompanied by pus.
Folliculitis
140
A topical drug used in the management of hyper pigmentation and melasma
Hydroquinone
141
A mass accumulation of keratinized cells
Hyperkeratosis
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Elevated scars that form an overgrowth - they are usually rope-like
Hypertrophic
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An erosion or depressed scar
Hypotrophic
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An abnormal increase in the size of an organ, overgrowth
Hypertrophy
145
Extensive protrusions of fibrous repair tissue following an injury to the skin. They are common to appear following surgery or trauma to the skin. It is most prevalent in black and darker ethnic skin tones.
Keloid
146
A callus, formed by friction
Keratoma
147
Dense buildup or mass of epithelial cells.
Keratoses
148
Small red and bumpy patches that may appear on the cheeks, upper arms
Keratoses Pilaris
149
An autoimmune disease caused by SLE or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus which affects the connective tissue of the body, or by Discold Lupus, which primarily affects the skin and is characterized by the "butterfly rash" across the center of the face.is related to the rheumatic family, and the etiology presents the theory that the bodies' own immune system attacks itself. There have been cases linked to sulfa drugs, blood pressure medications, oral contraceptives and viral infections
Lupus
150
Excessive replication of skin cells, associated with psoriasis
Over proliferation
151
Caused by vegetable, water or animal parasites
Parasitic disease
152
The medical term used to describe itching
Pruritus
153
A chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by moist scaly lesions; it is a proliferative disease characterized by rapid cell turn over
Psoriasis
154
Obviously flaky skin cells
Scales
155
Visible lesions as a result from injury or infection - hardened tissue that has been formed by the body to repair an injury or to heal the tissue
Scars
156
Is a multi system disorder characterized by inflammatory, vascular and sclerotic changes of the skin and various internal organs, especially the heart, lungs and GI tract. It usually leads to renal (kidney) disease and in many cases, death
Scleroderma
157
Benign lesions that are usually appear in clients over 30 - they may have a "doughnut" like appearance, and may be removed by the dermatologist or plastic surgeon by cryosurgery, electrodessication or laser
Sebaceous Hyperplasia
158
Severe oiliness of the skin, primarily on the face and scalp
Seborrhea
159
A sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum ranging in size from a pea to an orange
Steatoma
160
Describes lesions that are shaped like a target - EX: a pustule
Steatoma
161
The study of the hair and its diseases
Trichology
162
A deeper erosion where the skin's surface is destroyed by infection, poor circulation, or cancer
Ulcer
163
Hives - an inflammatory flare up of the skin - the hive is caused by edema and the release of histamine
Urticaria
164
Blisters or separation of the epidermis from the upper dermis caused by fluids released by surface blood vessels
Vesicles
165
A plaque that is full of fluid
Wheal
