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HOSA medical Terminology 2019 > Diseases And Disorders > Flashcards

Diseases And Disorders Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both digestive and respected systems

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2
Q

Down syndrome

A

Genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, development delays, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
-caused by a 3rd copy of the 21st chromesome (trisomy 21)

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3
Q

Trisomy 21

A

A third copy of the 21 chromosome- cause of Down Syndrome

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4
Q

Hemophilia

A

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which the blood clotting factor is missing

  • blood coagulation disorder
  • hemorrhages and severe bleeding
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5
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

Genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that appear midlife
- results in uncontrolled movements and loss of some mental abilities

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6
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

A group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement

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7
Q

-trophy

A

Condition of nutrition or growth

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8
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Genetic disorder where an essential digestive enzyme is missing

  • with dietary supervision, it can be suppressed
  • without detection or treatment, causes severe intellectual disability
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9
Q

Addison’s disease

A

A condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone

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10
Q

Apgar score

A

An evaluation of an infants physical status

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11
Q

Bakers cyst

A

A fluid filled sac behind the knee that usually results from a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis triggering the production of excess synovial fluid

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12
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

A condition that occurs when the cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure

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13
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis on only the affected side of the face

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14
Q

Braxton Hicks contraction

A

Intermittent painless uterine contractions that are not true labor pains

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15
Q

Cheyne-stokes respiration

A

An irregular pattern on breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea

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16
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Bacterial infection common to older adults in hospitals or long term care facilities

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17
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

A fracture at the lower end of the radius that occurs when a person tries to break their fall by landing on their hands

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18
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

A disorder of the adrenal glands caused Byrne excessive production of aldosterone

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19
Q

Coumadin

A

The brand name for warfarin, an anticoagulant administered to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger

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20
Q

C-reactive protein

A

A blood these that detects high levels of inflammation within the body

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21
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and colon

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22
Q

Croup

A

An acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in barking cough and stridor

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23
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

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A

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to cortisol

24
Q

Cystic fibrosis

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A

A life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

25
Dementia
A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory thinking, and judgment that is often accompanied by personality changes
26
Diabetes insipidus
A condition caused by insufficient production of the anti diuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone
27
Diabetes mellitus
a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the body’s production of insulin (type 1) or its ability to use it properly (type 2)
28
Dialysis
A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of the patients whose kidneys no longer function
29
Digitalis
Medication that strengthens the heart muscle contractions, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues
30
Diphtheria
An acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract
31
E. Coli
Infection caused by bacteria transmitted through improperly cooked, contaminated foods
32
ELISA
the acronym for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, a blood test that is used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies
33
Fibrocystic breast disease
The presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts
34
Foley catheter
Most common type of in dwelling catheter
35
Gamma knife surgery
A type of radiation treatment for brain tumors
36
Gangrene
Tissue death caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues
37
Glaucoma
Intraocular pressure that causes damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers
38
Goiter
An abnormal, benign enlargement of the thyroid gland
39
Gonorrhea
A highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by the barcterium
40
Gout
A type of arthritis characterized by depositors of uric acid crystals in the joints
41
Graves’ disease
An autoimmune disorder in which the immune system stimulates the thyroid to make excessive amounts of the thyroid hormone
42
Guillain- Barré syndrom
Inflammation of the Muslims sheath of the peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis
43
Hashimotos disease
An autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
44
HELLP syndrome
A pregnancy complication characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
45
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
A malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkins lymphoma by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
46
Kaposi’s sarcoma
A cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin; in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat; or in other organs
47
Kegel exercises
A series of pelvic muscle exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor
48
Lyme disease
A bacterial infection caused by a spirochete belonging to genus Borrelia burgdorferi- transmitted to humans by bite of an infected black legged tick
49
Ménière’s disease
A rare chronic disorder in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, causing vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus
50
Mohs surgery
A technique used to treat various types of skin cancer by removing layers of cancerous tissue until a healthy margin is achieved
51
Myxedema
A severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion
52
Paget’s disease
A chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation
53
Pertussis
A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough
54
Peyronie’s disease
A form of sexual distinction in which the penis is bent or curved
55
Reye’s syndrome
A potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion, sometimes following a viral illness for which the child was treated with aspirin

HOSA medical Terminology 2019 (4 decks)

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