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COA > Diseases And Disorders Of The Eye > Flashcards

Diseases And Disorders Of The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Condition that has any increase in volume of the orbital contents will push the eyeball forward

A

Proptosis or Exophthalmos

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2
Q

A condition of unknown origin that involves the thyroid gland situated anteriorly in the throat and causes the soft tissues surrounding the eyeball to swell

A

Graves’ Disease

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3
Q

Term for only one eye bulging

A

Unilateral proptosis

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4
Q

Accumulation of blood from a broken blood vessel

A

Hemorrhage

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5
Q

Swelling from large amounts of fluid

A

Edema

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6
Q

Diffuse infection of tissues in the orbit

A

Orbital cellulitis

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7
Q

Bony air caverns of the skull

A

Sinuses

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8
Q

Orbital floor is known as what?

A

Blow out fracture

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9
Q

When the extraocular muscles are not functioning properly or are not in good balance, the eyes can go out of alignment

A

Strabismus

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10
Q

Term for double vision

A

Diplopia

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11
Q

A condition in which the eyes shift involuntarily in a rhythmic beating motion

A

Nystagmus

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12
Q

Bacterial infection of a gland surrounding an eyelash follicle produces a localized abscess known as a?

A

Stye or external hodeolum

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13
Q

Another term for lanced

A

Incised

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14
Q

Infection of meibomian gland results in an abscess on the inside of the eyelid is called?

A

Internal hordeolum

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15
Q

A non-tender solid lump on eyelid

A

Chalazion

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16
Q

A common, low grade, chronic infection with inflammation of the lid margins, generally produced by bacteria

A

Blepharitis

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17
Q

An abnormality in which the upper eyelid droops, due to muscle or nerve damage or to mechanical causes

A

Ptosis

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18
Q

A turning of the lid margin outward and away from the eyeball

A

Ectropion

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19
Q

The lid margins are turned inward, causing trichiasis

A

Entropion

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20
Q

Eyelashes rub against the eyeball and produce tearing, discomfort, and possible scratching of the cornea

A

Trichiasis

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21
Q

A condition in which the glove in not completely covered when the eyelids are closed

A

Lagophthalmos

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22
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

A

Dacryocystitis

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23
Q

Another term for dry eye

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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24
Q

An inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

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25
Q

A thick fluid containing mucus and pus - products of the mucous membranes, dead cells, bacteria, and the white blood cells of the immune system. Bacterial conjunctivitis is recognized by this.

A

Mucopurulent discharge

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26
Q

A small, benign, yellow-white mass of degenerated tissue of the bulbar conjunctiva

A

Pinguecula

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27
Q

A wedge-shaped growth of the bulbar conjunctiva, probably the result of chronic sun exposure

A

Pterygium

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28
Q

Very common tumors involving the bulbar conjunctiva also known as freckles

A

Nevi

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29
Q

Inflammation of the cornea

A

Keratitis

30
Q

The corneal epithelium becomes eroded, and the cornea loses its transparency and develops a gray-white opacity that can obscure vision

A

Corneal ulcer

31
Q

Pus that accumulates in the anterior chamber

A

Hypopyon

32
Q

The virus that produces cold sores, can also lead to keratitis and corneal ulcer

A

Herpes simplex virus

33
Q

Term for branch-shaped corneal opacity

A

Dendritic

34
Q

A common degenerative change of the cornea usually affecting persons over the age of 50

A

Arcus senilis

35
Q

A degenerative corneal disease of genetic origin

A

Keratoconus

36
Q

Inflammation of the sclera

A

Scleritis

37
Q

Inflammation of the layer overlying the sclera, may result from allergy, although the exact cause is uncertain

A

Episcleritis

38
Q

Blood pulled in the anterior chamber as the result of trauma or certain diseases is known as?

A

Hyphema

39
Q

Malformation and malfunction of structures within the anterior chamber angle are responsible for a very common and potentially blinding condition called?

A

Glaucoma

40
Q

The height and breadth of space seen by the eye when it looks straight ahead

A

Visual field

41
Q

What disease results from a structural abnormality of the eye

A

Primary angle closure glaucoma

42
Q

A rare disease in infants due to a malformation of the anterior chamber angle

A

Congenital glaucoma

43
Q

Inflammation of the iris

A

Iritis

44
Q

The abnormal growth of new blood vessels

A

Neovascularization

45
Q

Reddish color of the iris that may cause bleeding into the anterior chamber or may obstruct the anterior chamber angle, causing secondary angle closure glaucoma is called?

A

Rubeosis iridis

46
Q

Dysfunction of the muscles within the iris, usually due to a fault in the nerves that supply them, may cause the pupils to be out of unequal size is a condition called?

A

Aniscoria

47
Q

Sometime between about age 40 and age 45, the ability of the lens to accommodate for near vision has deteriorated to the point that many people require reading glasses is a condition called?

A

Presbyopia

48
Q

Another effect of aging is the natural deterioration of the proteins of the lens with a progressive loss of transparency

A

Cataract

49
Q

Absence of the crystalline lens? Usually because of cataract extraction

A

Aphakia

50
Q

The lost optical power of the lens must be replaced by a contact lens, intraocular lens, or eyeglasses for normal vision

A

Aphakic correction

51
Q

Correction with an intraocular lens

A

Pseudophakia

52
Q

Particles and vitreous collagen fibers are known as?

A

Floaters

53
Q

Infection of the vitreous and adjacent tissues by bacteria accidentally introduced through injury or surgery

A

Endophthalmitis

54
Q

Separation of the sensory layers of the retina from the underlying pigment layer

A

Retinal detachment

55
Q

Term known as freezing by surgical means

A

Cryopexy

56
Q

Term known as “welding” with light from a laser

A

Photocoagulation

57
Q

What procedure is injection of gas into the eye?

A

Pneumatoretinopexy

58
Q

Placing a block of silicone or other material on the eye to indent the wall

A

Scleral buckle

59
Q

Results from fluid collecting in the subretinal space as a result of abnormalities of the underlying retinal pigment epithelium, choroid, or sclera

A

Exudative retinal detachment

60
Q

Long standing and poorly controlled diabetes produces a progression of pathologic changes in the retina

A

Diabetic retinopathy

61
Q

In diabetic retinopathy, what is the development of new vessels and fibrous tissues called?

A

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

62
Q

Yellow-white deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium

A

Drusen

63
Q

Term known as loss of tissue

A

Atrophic

64
Q

Leaking and bleeding from fragile new blood vessel growth underlying the macula

A

Wet AMD

65
Q

How can wet AMD be treated?

A
  1. Laser photocoagulation
  2. Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
  3. Intravitreal injections of corticosteroids and/or anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF)
66
Q

A hereditary retinal degeneration that affects both eyes, usually in children

A

Retinitis Pigmentosa

67
Q

Blockage of the blood vessels that serve the retina

A

Vascular occlusions

68
Q

Term for lack of oxygen

A

Hypoxia

69
Q

Swelling of the optic disc with engorged blood vessels

A

Papilledema

70
Q

Term for inflammation of the optic nerve

A

Optic neuritis

71
Q

Occlusion of the blood supply to the optic nerve can cause blindness and is called

A

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

COA (2 decks)

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