Diseases And Disorders Of The Eye

Question 1

Condition that has any increase in volume of the orbital contents will push the eyeball forward

Answer 1

Proptosis or Exophthalmos

Question 2

A condition of unknown origin that involves the thyroid gland situated anteriorly in the throat and causes the soft tissues surrounding the eyeball to swell

Answer 2

Graves’ Disease

Question 3

Term for only one eye bulging

Answer 3

Unilateral proptosis

Question 4

Accumulation of blood from a broken blood vessel

Answer 4

Hemorrhage

Question 5

Swelling from large amounts of fluid

Answer 5

Edema

Question 6

Diffuse infection of tissues in the orbit

Answer 6

Orbital cellulitis

Question 7

Bony air caverns of the skull

Answer 7

Sinuses

Question 8

Orbital floor is known as what?

Answer 8

Blow out fracture

Question 9

When the extraocular muscles are not functioning properly or are not in good balance, the eyes can go out of alignment

Answer 9

Strabismus

Question 10

Term for double vision

Answer 10

Diplopia

Question 11

A condition in which the eyes shift involuntarily in a rhythmic beating motion

Answer 11

Nystagmus

Question 12

Bacterial infection of a gland surrounding an eyelash follicle produces a localized abscess known as a?

Answer 12

Stye or external hodeolum

Question 13

Another term for lanced

Answer 13

Incised

Question 14

Infection of meibomian gland results in an abscess on the inside of the eyelid is called?

Answer 14

Internal hordeolum

Question 15

A non-tender solid lump on eyelid

Answer 15

Chalazion

Question 16

A common, low grade, chronic infection with inflammation of the lid margins, generally produced by bacteria

Answer 16

Blepharitis

Question 17

An abnormality in which the upper eyelid droops, due to muscle or nerve damage or to mechanical causes

Answer 17

Ptosis

Question 18

A turning of the lid margin outward and away from the eyeball

Answer 18

Ectropion

Question 19

The lid margins are turned inward, causing trichiasis

Answer 19

Entropion

Question 20

Eyelashes rub against the eyeball and produce tearing, discomfort, and possible scratching of the cornea

Answer 20

Trichiasis

Question 21

A condition in which the glove in not completely covered when the eyelids are closed

Answer 21

Lagophthalmos

Question 22

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

Answer 22

Dacryocystitis

Question 23

Another term for dry eye

Answer 23

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Question 24

An inflammation of the conjunctiva

Answer 24

Conjunctivitis

Question 25

A thick fluid containing mucus and pus - products of the mucous membranes, dead cells, bacteria, and the white blood cells of the immune system. Bacterial conjunctivitis is recognized by this.

Answer 25

Mucopurulent discharge

Question 26

A small, benign, yellow-white mass of degenerated tissue of the bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 26

Pinguecula

Question 27

A wedge-shaped growth of the bulbar conjunctiva, probably the result of chronic sun exposure

Answer 27

Pterygium

Question 28

Very common tumors involving the bulbar conjunctiva also known as freckles

Answer 28

Nevi

Question 29

Inflammation of the cornea

Answer 29

Keratitis

Question 30

The corneal epithelium becomes eroded, and the cornea loses its transparency and develops a gray-white opacity that can obscure vision

Answer 30

Corneal ulcer

Question 31

Pus that accumulates in the anterior chamber

Answer 31

Hypopyon

Question 32

The virus that produces cold sores, can also lead to keratitis and corneal ulcer

Answer 32

Herpes simplex virus

Question 33

Term for branch-shaped corneal opacity

Answer 33

Dendritic

Question 34

A common degenerative change of the cornea usually affecting persons over the age of 50

Answer 34

Arcus senilis

Question 35

A degenerative corneal disease of genetic origin

Answer 35

Keratoconus

Question 36

Inflammation of the sclera

Answer 36

Scleritis

Question 37

Inflammation of the layer overlying the sclera, may result from allergy, although the exact cause is uncertain

Answer 37

Episcleritis

Question 38

Blood pulled in the anterior chamber as the result of trauma or certain diseases is known as?

Answer 38

Hyphema

Question 39

Malformation and malfunction of structures within the anterior chamber angle are responsible for a very common and potentially blinding condition called?

Answer 39

Glaucoma

Question 40

The height and breadth of space seen by the eye when it looks straight ahead

Answer 40

Visual field

Question 41

What disease results from a structural abnormality of the eye

Answer 41

Primary angle closure glaucoma

Question 42

A rare disease in infants due to a malformation of the anterior chamber angle

Answer 42

Congenital glaucoma

Question 43

Inflammation of the iris

Answer 43

Iritis

Question 44

The abnormal growth of new blood vessels

Answer 44

Neovascularization

Question 45

Reddish color of the iris that may cause bleeding into the anterior chamber or may obstruct the anterior chamber angle, causing secondary angle closure glaucoma is called?

Answer 45

Rubeosis iridis

Question 46

Dysfunction of the muscles within the iris, usually due to a fault in the nerves that supply them, may cause the pupils to be out of unequal size is a condition called?

Answer 46

Aniscoria

Question 47

Sometime between about age 40 and age 45, the ability of the lens to accommodate for near vision has deteriorated to the point that many people require reading glasses is a condition called?

Answer 47

Presbyopia

Question 48

Another effect of aging is the natural deterioration of the proteins of the lens with a progressive loss of transparency

Answer 48

Cataract

Question 49

Absence of the crystalline lens? Usually because of cataract extraction

Answer 49

Aphakia

Question 50

The lost optical power of the lens must be replaced by a contact lens, intraocular lens, or eyeglasses for normal vision

Answer 50

Aphakic correction

Question 51

Correction with an intraocular lens

Answer 51

Pseudophakia

Question 52

Particles and vitreous collagen fibers are known as?

Answer 52

Floaters

Question 53

Infection of the vitreous and adjacent tissues by bacteria accidentally introduced through injury or surgery

Answer 53

Endophthalmitis

Question 54

Separation of the sensory layers of the retina from the underlying pigment layer

Answer 54

Retinal detachment

Question 55

Term known as freezing by surgical means

Answer 55

Cryopexy

Question 56

Term known as “welding” with light from a laser

Answer 56

Photocoagulation

Question 57

What procedure is injection of gas into the eye?

Answer 57

Pneumatoretinopexy

Question 58

Placing a block of silicone or other material on the eye to indent the wall

Answer 58

Scleral buckle

Question 59

Results from fluid collecting in the subretinal space as a result of abnormalities of the underlying retinal pigment epithelium, choroid, or sclera

Answer 59

Exudative retinal detachment

Question 60

Long standing and poorly controlled diabetes produces a progression of pathologic changes in the retina

Answer 60

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 61

In diabetic retinopathy, what is the development of new vessels and fibrous tissues called?

Answer 61

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Question 62

Yellow-white deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium

Answer 62

Drusen

Question 63

Term known as loss of tissue

Answer 63

Atrophic

Question 64

Leaking and bleeding from fragile new blood vessel growth underlying the macula

Answer 64

Wet AMD

Question 65

How can wet AMD be treated?

Answer 65

1. Laser photocoagulation 2. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) 3. Intravitreal injections of corticosteroids and/or anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF)

Question 66

A hereditary retinal degeneration that affects both eyes, usually in children

Answer 66

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Question 67

Blockage of the blood vessels that serve the retina

Answer 67

Vascular occlusions

Question 68

Term for lack of oxygen

Answer 68

Hypoxia

Question 69

Swelling of the optic disc with engorged blood vessels

Answer 69

Papilledema

Question 70

Term for inflammation of the optic nerve

Answer 70

Optic neuritis

Question 71

Occlusion of the blood supply to the optic nerve can cause blindness and is called

Answer 71

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy